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DYS: Clinical + Pharmacy Practise > RTS > Flashcards

RTS Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Symptom

A

What a patient tells you

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2
Q

Signs

A

What you can see

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3
Q

Responding to symptoms

A

Differentiating problems based on signs + symptoms

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4
Q

Minor ailments

A

Conditions that do not require action by another HCP

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5
Q

Self care

A

How patients help themselves

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6
Q

5 principles/stages for RTS

A

1) Recognise + interpret condition (info. gathering)
2) Determining goal of treatment
3) Recommending a treatment
4) Provision of advice
5) Quality assurance

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7
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

Diagnosis of a condition whose signs +/ symptoms are shared by various other conditions
Involves questioning patient about their symptoms and to check signs before deciding on an appropriate course of action
Aware of usual + danger symptoms

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8
Q

What practise is used in RTS?

A

Differential diagnosis

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9
Q

WWHAM

A 
Who is the patient?
What are the symptoms?
How long?
Actions taken?
Medicines?
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10
Q

Who is the patient?

A

Is it the person present or somebody else?
Consider:
- Gender (pregnancy + lactation)
- Age (elderly + children)
General health/social factors - do they look well?

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11
Q

What are the symptoms?

A 
Let patient describe 
Start with open questions 
Give patient time to talk
Follow-up to clarify
- Aggravating/relieving factors?
- Check for red-flag symptoms
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12
Q

How long?

A 
How long they have had they symptoms?
When did the symptoms start?
What was the person doing?
How did the symptom start?
Are the symptoms always there?
Is it a recurrence of a previous occasion?
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13
Q

Metronidazole interacts with

A

Alcohol

- needs to be swallowed whole

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14
Q

Danger symptoms

A 
Blood in 
- sputum
- vomit
- urine
- faeces
Unexpected weight loss
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15
Q

Quality Assurance

A

Record intervention in PMR

  • add info on disease, allergies, OTC medicines
  • audit (inspect) services
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16
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of gums

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17
Q

Cause of Gingivitis

A

Poor tooth brushing technique

Build up of plaque

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18
Q

Referral of Gingivitis

A

Foul taste with bleeding gums
Loose tooth
Signs of systemic illness
Rnadom gum bleeds

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19
Q

Treatment of Gingivitis

A

Improved brushing technique

Antibacterial mouthwash

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20
Q

Oral thrush

A

Fungal infection of the mouth

  • painless
  • common in young children
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21
Q

Treatment of oral thrush

A

Antifungals

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22
Q

Symptoms of Norovirus

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Fever, headache, aching limb

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23
Q

How long does norovirus last

A

12 - 60 hours

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24
Q

How long is recovery for norovirus

A

1-2 days

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25
Advice for Indigestion + heartburn
AVOID - Alcohol - Too much eating (obesity) = reduce weight - Specific food (spicy / fatty foods) - Smoking - Tight clothing - Bending, stooping, slumping
26
Health promotion
Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental intervention
27
WHO definition of Health
Basic human right and is essential for social + economic development
28
Healthy diet
``` Don't miss breakfast Drink enough fluid (non-alcoholic) Protein intake from fish Minimise intake of salt, sugar diet + saturated fat Eat lots of fruit + veg ```
29
Current exercise recommendation for adults
150 min moderate intensity exercise per week (75 minutes of vigorous exercise ) 2+ days of muscle strengthening activities
30
Sun protection
wear sunglasses use sunscreen 10 min/day w/out sunscreen to produce Vitamin D
31
Sunglasses requirenments
100% UV protection meet EU standards have CE mark UV 400 label
32
Sunscreen requirements
``` SPF 15 / above 4 / 5* UVA protection Apply sufficient Re-apply regularly Stay in shade where possible ```
33
Models of health promotion
Health education Health protection Prevention
34
Preventative procedures + action
``` Procedures = immunisation Action = self-help groups ```
35
Health protection
``` Legal controls Regulations Policies Codes of practise ...aimed at prevention of ill health/positive well being ```
36
Transtheoretical model of behaviour change
``` Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance (termination) ```
37
Maintenance (Transtheoretical model of behaviour change)
Total confidence Goal achieved Zero temptation under all high risk scenarios
38
Action (Transtheoretical model of behaviour change)
Up to 6 months of change needed to stop smoking People need support Help include pharmacist, NRT, help line, groups
39
Preparation
Seriously thinking of quitting in a month 'when i act will i fail' = life saving surgery
40
Contemplation
Seriously thinking of quitting in the next 6 months (not set a start date) Aware of the benefits of quitting But downside of quitting increases
41
Pre-contemplation
Not thinking of quitting average smoker; long-term maintenance by 30s Environmental events + Negative events (made them start smoking)
42
Referral for mouth ulcers
Longer than 3 weeks Weight loss/diarrhoea Rash/suspected ADR Involves other mucous membrane
43
Treatment for mouth ulcers
Symptomatic (gets rid of symptoms; not cause) Local analgesics (bonjela) Local anaesthetics Topical corticosteroids
44
Mouth ulcers
Painful + recurring At a time, 1 - 5 ulcers; less than 5mm Minor + self-limiting
45
What makes up Non- ulcer dyspepsia
Indigestion + heartburn (GORD)
46
Cause of indigestion
Specific foods (spicy, fatty) Too much eating (obesity) Alcohol Medication
47
Treatment for indigestion
Antacids H2 antagonist Dimeticone/Simeticone Prokinetic drugs
48
Side effects of antacids
Constipation / diarrhoea
49
Why to avoid chronic use of antacids
Acid rebound hypertension due to high systemic absorption
50
What does antacid interact with
Enteric-coated drugs (increase pH) | Affect absorption of many drugs
51
Antacids
- sodium bicarbonate; calcium carbonate; aluminium hydroxide; magnesium salts - Liquids more effective than soli - effective 1 hour after meal - high sodium content (therefore patients should avoid with low sodium diet)
52
Dimeticone/simeticone
Reduce surface tension for easy elimination of gas by gut | - added to antacid prep
53
Prokinetic drugs
Domperidone (POM) increases rate of gastric emptying and transit time in duodenum
54
Heartbrum
Reflux of stomach contents (prevented by lower oesophageal sphincter - oesophageal mucosa lacks protection from gastric acid
55
Causes of Heartburn
``` Foods + drinks Alcohol Smoking Drugs Obesity Pregnancy ```
56
Treatment for heartburn
Antacids H2RA Alginates PPI
57
Alginates
form a raft on top of stomach contents to prevent reflux - alginic acid - they are in products containing antacids - safe inn pregnancy - fast acting - none are low sodium (patients with low sodium content cant have it) - liquids more effective
58
PPIs
block secretion process of gastric acid into stomach - omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole - take 2 days to be effective maximum duration is 2-4 weeks - interacts with cytochrome p450 (not pantoprazole) - not harmful in pregnancy
59
Prescribed Dyspepsia meds
H2RA + PPIs
60
Health promotion
Process of enabling people to increase over, to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour
61
Are PPIs harmful in pregnancy
No

DYS: Clinical + Pharmacy Practise (1 decks)

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