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Unit 4: Pathoma > Rubins Chap 12 > Flashcards

Rubins Chap 12 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

When do the lungs start to develop?

A

Wk 4-6

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2
Q

What type of glands are in the tracheobronchial tree?

A

Mucus glands (mucus cells and serious cells)

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3
Q

What is the gas exchange unit of the lung?

A

acini

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4
Q

Type I pneumocytes are responsible for…

A

gas exchange

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5
Q

Type II pneumocytes are responsible for…

A

production of surfactant

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6
Q

Which pneumocytes are more susceptible to injury?

A

Type I

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7
Q

What is bronchial atresia?

A

part of airway is blocked off

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8
Q

What is pulmonary hypoplasia?

A

lung is smaller than normal with fewer and smaller acini

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9
Q

What is the most common congenital lung abnormality?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

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10
Q

Pulm hypoplasia us associated with?

A

trisomies 12, 18, 21

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11
Q

What is this: “descrete, extrapulmonary, fluid filled mass lined by respiratory epithelium and limited by walls that contain muscle and cartilage”

A

Bronchogenic cyst

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12
Q

“Mass of lung tissue that is not connected to the bronchial tree and is located outside the misceral pleura”

A

extralobar sequestration

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13
Q

“mass of lung tissue within the visceral pleura that does not connect to the bronchial tree”

A

intralobar sequestration

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14
Q

Define bronchiolitis?

A

infection of the peripheral airways

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15
Q

adenovirus infection leads to?

A

obliterative bronchiolitis

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16
Q

Findings in measles-induced bronchiolotis?

A

bronchiolar obliteration + bronchiectasis

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17
Q

Name the irritant gases:

A

NO2, SO2, Chlorine, ammonia

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18
Q

Bronchietric granulomas are seen in…

A

asthnatcs (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) and infections (TB, histoplasma), immune problems (RA, wegener)

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19
Q

Another name for constrictive bronchiolitis?

A

Abliterative bronchiolotis

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of constrictive bronchiolitis?

A

inflammation–> scarring/ fibrosis–> narrowing of aiway

NO TREATMENT

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21
Q

What does bronchial obstruction lead to?

A

atelectasis

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22
Q

What is atelactasis?

A

collapse of expsnded lung tissue

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23
Q

When does right middle lode syndrome occur?

A

compression from the hilar lymph nodes

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24
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

irreversible dilation of bronchi caused by destruction of bronchial wall muscle and elastic elemants

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25
Nonobstructive bronchectasis usually follows infection with....
adenovirus and RSV
26
What is kartagener syndrome?
dynein defects (motile syndrome
27
Symptoms of radial spoek deficiency? Of absence of central doublet of cilia
intertility, recurrent respiratory infections, bonchiectasis
28
What are the 3 types of bronchial dilations seen in bronchiectasis?
saccular, cylindrical, varicose
29
Viral infections lead to ____ pnuemonias Bacterial infections lead to _____ and _____ pneumonias
Viral: interstitial Bacterial: lobar and bronchopneumonia
30
Histology of pneumococcal pneumonia?
diplococci
31
Complications of pneumococcal pneumonia infections?
pleuritis and peural effusion, pyothorax (empyema), baceremia (endocarditis, meningitis)
32
Pneumonia in newborns is caused by?
GBS
33
How can you detect mycoplasma?
serology and cold agglutinins
34
sign of CMV pneumonia?
perinuclear halo
35
sign of measles infection?
multinucleated giant cells with nuclear inclusions
36
varicella infection signs?
nuclear viral inclusions surrounded by clear halo
37
Herpes simplex signs?
necrotizing tracheobronchitis as well as diffuse alveolar damage with viral inclusions
38
Signs of adenovirus infection?
"smudge cells" and clear halo
39
What is the most common cause of lung abscesses?
aspiration
40
Describe lung abscesses?
localized accumulations of pus accompanied by destruction of pulmonary parenchyma
41
What are lung abscesses surrounded by?
hemorrhage, fibrin, inflammation
42
Symptoms of lung abscesses:
fever, cough, foul smelling sputum, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis
43
What is diffuse alveolar damage?
AKA: ARDS
44
Histologic findings in DAD?
epithelial cell damage Type I pneumocyte damage Type II pneumocyte proliferation
45
Phases of DAD?
1- exudative phase 2- organizing phase
46
Describe the appearance of the lung if there is no recovery with DAD?
Honeycomb lung
47
Causes of DAD?
oxygen toxicity, shock, aspirations, drug-induced diffuse alveolar damage, radiation pneumonitis, paraquat
48
Cause of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn caused by?
immaturity of the surfactant syndrome
49
Main symtpom of newborn ARDS?
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
50
What is alveolar proteinosis caused by?
posint mutation in GM-CSF receptor or anti-GM0CSF antibodie
51
What are the triad of symptoms seen with goodpasture syndrome?
diffuse alveolar hemorrhage glomerulonephritis circulating cyctotoxic antibodies to the basement membrane
52
Findings in microscopic polyangiitis?
+p-ANCA pulmonary renal symtoms no IgG deposition
53
Findings in idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage?
children/ YA diffuse alveolar bleeding no kidney involvement
54
What is Loffler syndrome/
simple eosinophelic pneumonia
55
Symtoms of loffler syndrome?
fleetind pulmonary infiltrates with eos and eos in peripheral blood
56
What are the three types of eosinophelia pneumonia?
1- Simple eosinophlic pneumonia 2-acute eosinophelic pneumonia 3- chronic eosinophelic pneumonia
57
What is a secondary eosinophelic pneumonia usually due to?
infectious/ tropical, allergies, drug hypersensitivies
58
Spiculated mass is associated with?
Exogenous lipid pneumonia
59
Name the 2 diseases classified as COPD?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
60
Definition of chronic bronchitis?
chronic cough for 2 months at a time for 2 years
61
Biggest risk factor for chronic bronchitis?
Smoking!
62
Which cell types undergo hyperplasia in chronic bronchitis?
mucus cells
63
Normal reid index score?
<0.4
64
is chronic bronchitis and blue bloater or a pink puffer?
blue bloater

Unit 4: Pathoma (3 decks)

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