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Lovely English > Rules > Flashcards

Rules Flashcards

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0
Q

Verbs which not use in Continious

A 
need
like
want
have
NO: I am need[ing] smth. YES: I need smth.
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1
Q

Relative Causes (adverbs)

A

Who - for ppl
Which - for things
Where - for places

or what instead of who & which

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2
Q

be going to (Present Continious for future arrangements)

A
  • for predictions with reason
  • for future plans which made before speaking

Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.

I know that Anna in hospital. I’m going to visit her this evening.

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3
Q

will can?

A

NO!

will be able to

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4
Q

Present Continious usually verbs and expressions:

A

go, come, meet, see, leave, arrive

tonight, tomorrow, this weekend

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5
Q

connector so -

A

to express a result:

She was in a hurry so she was driving fast.

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6
Q

Connectors but & although:

A

to express a contrast:
She tried to stop but she hit the man.
Although she tried to stop, she hit the man.

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7
Q

Present Simple

using, build

A 
use: regular, fact, permanent
V + -s/-es if 3rd person
aux: do/does
adverbs of freq: before main V
expressions of freq: at the end of sentence
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8
Q

Present Continious

using, build

A

use: action at the moment / fixed plans for nearest future
build: am/is/are + Ving

I am meeting her in two hours.
I am going to the party tonight.

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9
Q

Past Simple

using, build

A

use: talk about finished actions in the past
VII / aux + V
aux: did

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10
Q

Past Continious

using, build

A

Action was processing at the moment in the past.
Something happened in the middle of something else.

was/were + Ving

This time last year I was living in Brazil.
While I was walking yesterday I met John.

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11
Q

Future Simple

use, build

A 
will be + V
use:
- instant decisions (that we make at the moment of speaking)
- offers & promises
- simple future facts
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12
Q

Preposition “in” using:

A
  • Months
  • Seasons ([the] winter)
  • Years
  • Times of the day (the morning, the afternoon, the evening. NOT: night)
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13
Q

Prep. “on” using:

A
  • Dates (on the 7 of March)
  • Days (Tuesday, St. Valentine day)
  • Birthday
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14
Q

Prep. “at” using:

A
  • Times (at 7 o’clock)
  • Festival periods (Christmas)
  • night
  • the weekend
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15
Q

Comparative adjectives, build/using

A
  • one syllable: -er (smarter)
  • cons + y: -ier (busier)
  • one cons + one wow: double cons -er (bigger)
  • 2+ syllables: more + (more beautiful)

for compare people/things

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16
Q

Comparative adjectives irregular

A

good - better
bad - worse
far - further

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17
Q

Comparative adverbs build/using

A

more / less + adverb
(more quickly)
for compare actions

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18
Q

Comparative adverbs irregular

A

hard - harder
well - better
badly - worse

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19
Q

Gerund verbs

A 
enjoy
finish
go on (=continue)
hate
like
love
(don't) mind
spend 
start (can be used both)
stop
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20
Q

Verbs used with + to infinitive

A 
need to
want to
help to
decide to
forget to
hope to
learn to
offer to
plan to
pretend to
promise to 
remember to
start (started to cry)
try to
would like to
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21
Q

Infinitive of purpose

A

Use to + infinitive to say WHY you do something.

I came to this school to learn English.
I went to the party to meet new people.

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22
Q

Gerund using rules

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A

As a subject of sentence.
After some verbs.
After prepositions.

I’m thinking of buying a new car.

23
Q

Don’t have to / mustn’t differences

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A
  1. Don’t have to - you don’t need to do it (but you can if you want)
  2. Mustn’t - it’s necessary that you don’t do it
24
Have to/must difference
1. Must for laws and rules, more formal. Have to to express that something is necessary. 2. Are very similar. Small difference is: have to for general obligations (a rule at work or laws), use must when speaker imposes the obligation as teacher in school. 3. You need auxiliary for have to in negative/questions (do/does/did). 4. You can say I'll have to/I'm going to have to/I might/may have to.
25
Expressing movements
to go (or another move verb) + prep. of movement I ran over the bridge.
26
Preps of movement
In/into, out/out of, over, pass, across, along, through, up, down, towards, round
27
First conditional
Use for talk about possible future situation and it's consequence. If present, will + infinitive. If I miss the bus, I'll get a taxi.
28
In/into difference | Out/out of is the same
In - without subject Into - with subject Come in to the bar. Come in. But: Go in hop&scotch / Go into hop&scotch office.
29
Infinitive + to, using (incl. negative), examples
1. After adjectives 2. After some verbs (want, need...) *negative: not to + infinitive I want to go. I need to go. It's important not to be late.
30
Verb forms for 3rd face
verb + -s/-es has does *all the time! (incl. have to, present perfect) He has decided to go. She has to learn Chinese.
31
noun
|nawn| A content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action
32
adverb
The word class that qualifies verbs or clauses
33
adjective
A word that expresses an attribute of something. The word class that qualifies nouns
34
pronoun
A function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase
35
preposition
A function word that combines with a noun or pronoun or noun phrase to form a prepositional phrase that can have an adverbal or adjectival relation to some other word
36
conjuction
An uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words, phrases, clauses or sentences
37
Conditional II (rules, using)
Using: improbably/impossible or hypotetical future situations and it's subcequence Rules: 1) if + past, would + infinitive 2) not would can, use could 3) use were instead was (i/he/she were) (to show that it's cond II) 4) past simple could If a bear attacked me, I'd run away.
38
Conditional I and II: differences
I: for possible future situations II: for impossible/improbable or hypothetical future situations
39
What is imperative?
It's grammatical mood that forms command or requests, including the giving of prohibition or permission, or any kinds of exhortation.
40
Present Perfect (using, build)
Using: - talk about past experiences when you don't say exactly when they happened - action in the past, result is important in present - it's always tells us about the situation now - often used with ever and never DONT USE: - when u talking about finished time - for things are not recent or new Build: have/has + VIII I've been to London. I've lost my keys. (I doesn't have keys now.)
41
Phrasal verbs with !pronoun (separable, inseparable)
Separable: put on your coat / put your coat on Inseparable: - look for - look after
42
Phrasal verbs with pronoun
Object always between verb and particle: | Put your coat on
43
somebody / something / somewhere
For positive sentences
44
anybody / anything
For questions and negative sentences
45
nobody / nothing
Use for shorts answers or in sentences with +verb
46
Quantifiers for countable
Many / few
47
Quantifiers for uncountable nouns
much / a little
48
So, neither + auxiliaries
So + aux for positive Neither + aux for negative I love football. So do I. I wasn't very tired. Neither was I.
49
Present perfect + for, since
(Talk about actions and states which started in the past and are still true now.) I've lived there since 1990. He has worked there for 5 years.
50
Present Perfect or Past Simple
1) Present Perfect to talk about a period of time from the past until now. 2) Use past simple to talk about finished period of time in the past.
51
Passive: be + past participle
to be + VIII (am/is/are or was/were) use by to say who did the action Risotto is made with rice. Guernica was painted by Picasso.
52
used to / didn't use to
Use "used to" + inf for things that happened repeatedly or over a long period of time in the past, but are usually not true now. I used to have long hair. DONT use used to for present habits, use the present simple + usually.
53
Past Perfect
had + VIII Use PP when u r already talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past action. When I woke up the garden was all white. It had snowed in the night.
54
Reported speech: sentences
1. Tenses changes: - can > could - will > would - present simple > past simple - past simple > past perfect - present perfect > past perfect 2. that is optional 3. Pronouns change: I > he/she
55
Reported questions
1. Tenses change 2. We don't use do/did: He asked me what I wanted. 3. If question begins with do/can etc. add if: Do you like the music? He asked her if she liked the music. 4. The word order is subject + verb: He asked her if she was a student.

Lovely English (5 decks)

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