Rules of the Air Flashcards
(38 cards)
Who do the Rules of the Air apply to?
To ACFT bearing the nationality and registration marks of a contracting state, wherever they may be, to the extent that they do not conflict with the rules published by the state having jurisdiction over the territory overflown.
All pilots SHALL comply with general rules as well as either VFR or IFR in flight.
What is the responsibility of the Pilot in Command ?
SHALL, whether manipulating the controls or not, be responsible for the operation of the ACFT in accordance with the rules of the air.
The PIC may depart from these rules if it is absolutely necessary in the interests of safety.
Preflight, PIC SHALL become familiar with:
- Weather reports (current and forecast)
- Fuel requirements
- Alternate course of action if the flight cannot be completed as planned
What are the conditions for formation flights?
- Pre arrangement amongst PICs with one of them designated the flight leader.
- Operates as a single ACFT with regard to navigation and position reporting.
- Separation is responsibility of the pilots.
- No more than 0.5NM laterally and longitudinally and 100ft vertically separation from flight leader SHALL be maintained by each ACFT.
- Must be within controlled airspace.
RIGHT OF WAY IN THE AIR BASICS:
1.) For flying machines, airships, gliders and balloons, who shall give way to what?
- ) If 2 ACFT are approaching head on, what should they do?
- ) What are the right of way rules concerning overtaking ACFT?
- ) What are the right of way rules concerning converging ACFT?
- ) What shall an ACFT with right of way do?
- ) What shall ACFT giving way avoid doing?
- ) Flying machines shall give way to airships, gliders and balloons; Airships shall give way to gliders and balloons; and gliders shall give way to balloons.
- ) Both turn right
- ) ACFT overtaking:
- ACFT being overtaken has right of way.
- ACFT overtaking always overtakes on the right (sailplanes left or right).
- NB. This is opposite from on the movement area. - ) Converging ACFT at the same level: one with the other on its right gives way by turning to the right unless that conflicts with the first point
- ) ACFT with right of way SHALL maintain speed and heading until the other ACFT is clear.
- ) ACFT giving way SHALL avoid passing over, under or in front of the other unless it can pass well clear and takes into account their wake turbulence
What rights of way rules apply when landing?
Aircraft landing or on final approach have right of way over other aircraft in flight or on the ground.
Lower aircraft on final approach have right of way, other aircraft shall not cut in front unless ATC say so or in emergency.
What separate right of way rules apply to sailplanes/gliders?
When under tow, considered to be one machine with, and under command of, towing ACFT.
Mechanically driven ACFT must give way to a towing ACFT.
Sailplanes may overtake on either side.
What are the basic rules for surface movements of ACFT, persons and vehicles?
- Same right of way rules apply to ACFT as in the air.
- ACFT shall stop at all RWY holding positions unless explicit clearance to enter/cross RWY issued.
- TWR to control movements of persons/vehicles as necessary to avoid hazard to them and ACFT landing/taxiing/taking off.
- Emergency vehicles proceeding to assist an ACFT have priority over all surface movement traffic.
- Normal vehicles to give way to everything.
What are the conditions which allow an ACFT to be flown under simulated instrument flight conditions?
Fully functioning dual controls must installed and an additional qualified pilot will occupy the control seat as a safety pilot.
What types of lights can an ACFT have?
Navigation, beacon/anti-collision, strobe, taxi lights, RWY turnoff lights, landing lights, wing inspection, ice detection probe, logo, search and formation lights.
Which lights must be used at night both in flight and on the movement area?
In flight - Anti-collision and navigation (except balloons)
Movement area - Navigation, lights to indicate extremities, Anti-collision lights.
Which lights must be used during the day both in flight and on the movement area?
Anti-collision lights
Lights to indicate that engines are running (Movement area only)
During operation on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome, an ACFT shall…
- Observe other traffic in order to avoid collision
- Conform with or avoid traffic pattern (circuit) formed by other ACFT in operation.
Except for balloons:
- Make all turns to the left when approaching to land and after TKOF unless otherwise indicated or instructed by ATC.
- Land and TKOF into wind unless a different direction is preferable due to safety, RWY config or other air traffic considerations.
When is and ACFT in the vicinity of an aerodrome?
When it is in, entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit.
What does a distress signal mean?
That grave and imminent danger threatens the ACFT and immediate assistance is required.
What types of distress signal are there?
- A signal consisting of SOS by RT or any other signalling method.
- RT or datalink message consisting of MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY.
- Rockets or shells throwing red lights fired 1 at a time at short intervals.
- Red parachute flare.
- Squawking 7700.
What does an urgency signal mean?
That an ACFT wishes to transmit a very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship, ACFT or other vehicle or persons on board or in sight.
What types of urgency signals are there?
- A signal consisting of XXX by RT or any other signalling method.
- RT or datalink message consisting of PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN.
- Switch landing light on and off repeatedly.
- Switch navigation lights on and off repeatedly in such a way as to be distinct from flashing navigation lights.
What do the following mean in terms of aerodrome traffic signals using lights and pyrotechnics?
1) Steady green light
2) Steady red light
3) Flashing green light
4) Flashing red light
5) Flashing white light
6) Red pyrotechnic
1) In flight: Clear to land, On GND: Cleared to TKOF
2) In flight: Give way to other ACFT and continue circling, On GND: Stop
3) In flight: Return for landing, On GND: Cleared to taxi
4) In flight: Aerodrome not safe, do not land, On GND: Taxi clear of landing area in use
5) In flight: Land at this aerodrome and proceed to APN, On GND: Return to starting point on aerodrome
6) Not withstanding any previous instructions, do not land for the time being
* Clearances to land and taxi will be issued in due course
In general, what does a flight plan contain?
Specified information provided to ATSUs regarding an intended flight or portion thereof.
For IFR flights, what types of changes to a flight plan shall be reported?
All changes
For VFR flights, what types of changes to a flight plan shall be reported.
Significant changes only such as fuel endurance and total number of POB (if incorrect at the time of departure)
- ) What is an ATC Clearance?
- ) What can a clearance contain?
- ) What must be done with all clearances?
1.) An authorisation for an ACFT to proceed under conditions specified by an ATC unit.
- ) Contents of an ATC clearance shall indicate:
- ACFT identification as shown on the flight plan
- Clearance limit
- Route of flight
- Level/Change of level (if required)
- Any other necessary information.
3.) Pilots shall read back all safety related parts of an ATC clearance/instruction and ATC shall listen to the read back and immediately correct any discrepancy.
What is a controlled flight?
Any flight subject to ATC clearance
What actions shall be taken by the pilot if inadvertent changes are made to the flight plan?
- Deviation from track - Adjust heading to regain track as soon as possible.
- Variation in TAS: Variation of +/- 5% of TAS to be reported to ATSU.
- Change in time estimate - Time error shall be reported to ATSU if in excess of 2 minutes.
