Rules Of The Road Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Who must have a rule book?
A
12 meter vessel or more
2
Q
What is 72 COLREGS?
A
Collisions at sea regulations from 1972.
3
Q
Rules of intent on what waters?
A
Inland
4
Q
Rules of execution.
A
International.
5
Q
Submarine lights.
A
Flashing display
Amber
3 1s on, 3s off
6
Q
Responsibility
A
Rule 2 - Responsibility
(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
7
Q
Vessel not under command: NUC
A
The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
8
Q
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver RAM
A
The term “vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term “vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver” shall include but not be limited to:
9
Q
Vessel constrained by her draft CBD
A
The term “vessel constrained by her draft” means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
International only.
10
Q
Difference between trolling and trawling?
A
Trawling is commercial fishing with underwater large tackle. Large nets.
11
Q
Vessel not under command NUC.
A
Exceptional circumstance (E.g., Rudder problem, steering).
12
Q
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.
A
Cannot maneuver due to nature of work. Not usually applied to towing vessel.
13
Q
Vessel constrained by draft.
A
International only.
14
Q
Underway.
A
Not at anchor
Not tied to shore
Not aground
15
Q
Rule 3: General Definition.
A
For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:
(a) The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including nondisplacement craft, WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
(b) The term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery.
(c) The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
(d) The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability.
(e) The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water.
(f) The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
(g) The term “vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term “vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver” shall include but not be limited to:
(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;
(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;
(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
(v) a vessel engaged in mineclearance operations;
(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
(h: International Only) The term “vessel constrained by her draft” means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
(i) The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.
(j) The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel means her length overall and greatest breadth.
(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.
(l) The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.
(m) The term “Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft” means a multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by utilizing surface-effect action.
16
Q
Rule 5: Look-out
A
Lookout at all times in all conditions.
Both.
17
Q
Rule 6: Safe Speed
A
Shall at all times have a safe appropriate speed.
18
Q
CBDR
A
Constant
Bearing
Decreasing
Range
Use RADAR if fitted.
19
Q
Rule 7: Risk of Collision
A
(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.
(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.
(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.
(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:
(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;
(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.
20
Q
Rule 8: Action to avoid Collision
A
Positive and ample time Early and obvious
Large enough to be readily apparent Avoid succession do small maneuvers
Slow down or back up if necessary.
21
Q
Rule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes
A
(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.
(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
(d)
(i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 meters in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.
(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
(j) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
22
Q
Special mark
A
Yellow
23
Q
In sight
A
Can actually see another vessel with naked eye.
24
Q
Rule 12: Sailing vessels in site of one another.
A
(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:
(i) Port-Starboard Rule: when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
(ii) Winward-Leeward Rule: when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
(b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.
25
Starboard stand on
Leeward vessel is stand on.
Windward vessel is give way.
26
Windward certainty rule.
If on port tack and one can't tell if a windward boat is on port or starboard tack, give way.
27
Rule 13 - Overtaking
(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
(b) A vessel shall be **deemed to be overtaking** when coming up with another vessel from a direction **more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam**, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.
(c) When a vessel is **in any doubt** as to whether she if overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally **past and clear**.
28
Overtaking
Keep out of the way no matter what. Overtaking has no rights.
29
POW
No rights for sailing vessels:
Port
Overtaking
Windward
Starboard Stand On
Windward give way
30
Rule 14 - Head-on Situation
(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve **risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard** so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.
31
Head on situation
Power vessels.
No rights.
Port to port.
32
Head on inland only.
**Agreed upon**. Radiotelephone or sound signals.
33
Rule 15 - Crossing Situation
**Red light rule**.
Power vessels only.
When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.
34
Navigation Rules Rule 16 - Steering and Sailing Rules: Action by Give-way Vessel
Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, **take early and substantial action to keep well clear**.
35
Rule 17 - Action by Stand-on Vessel
(a)
(i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed.
(ii) The latter vessel **may** however take action to avoid collision by her maneuver alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.
* *Avoid**
(b) When, **from any cause**, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.
* *Extremis**
(c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.
(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.
36
Rule 18 - Responsibilities Between Vessels
Navigation Rules
Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:
(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
> (i) a vessel not under command;
>
> (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver;
> (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;
>
> (iv) a sailing vessel.
(b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
> (i) a vessel not under command;
> (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver;
> (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing.
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:
> (i) a vessel not under command;
> (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.
(d)
(i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draft, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.
(ii) A vessel constrained by her draft shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition.
(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part. (f)
> (i) A WIG craft shall, when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface, keep well clear of all other vessels and avoid impeding their navigation;
> (ii) a WIG craft operating on the water surface shall comply with the Rules of this Part as a power-driven vessel.
37
Rule 18: Only new reels catch fish so purchase some worms.
Overtaken
NUC (Not Under Command)
RAM (Restricted in Maneurverability)
CBD (constrained by draft)
Fishing
Sailing
Power
Seaplane
WIG
38
Section III, Rule 19 - Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility
(a) This Rule applies to vessels **not in sight** of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.
(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a **safe speed** adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her **engines ready for immediate maneuver**.
(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the **prevailing circumstances and conditions** of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part.
(d) A vessel which detects by **radar alone** the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall **take avoiding action in ample time**, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:
(i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;
(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.
(e) **Bare steerage or all way off**: Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.
39
Rule 10: Separation zone (b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
40
Rule 10: Crossing traffics lanes.
(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
41
Rule 10: Inshore Traffic Zones
(i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme.
However, vessels of less than 20 meters in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone. Must allow larger vessels to cross to access sea.
Avoid immediate danger is never the wrong answer.
42
Rule 10: Exceptions to entering a Traffic Separation Scheme.
(i) emergency
(ii) fishing.
(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
43
Rule 10: what should vessels Avoid in TSS.
(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
44
Rule 10: Fishing in TSS
You can fish but not impede ANY other vessel (same as narrow channels).
45
Rule 10: Tonnage Rules in TSS.
(j) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
46
Rule 10: RAM in TSS
(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
47
Rule 20 - Application Lights and shapes
Navigation Rules
(a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers.
(b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out.
(c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary.
(d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.
(e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.
48
Rule 21 - Definitions
Most salty sailors talk alike forever.
(a) “**Masthead light**” means a white light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of **225 degrees** and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to **22.5 degrees abaft the beam** on either side of the vessel.
(b) “**Sidelights**” means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of **112.5 degrees** and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side.
In a vessel of l**ess than 20 meters** in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centerline of the vessel.
(c) “**Sternlight**” means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of **135 degrees** and so fixed as to show the light **67.5 degrees from right aft on each side** of the vessel.
(d) “**Towing ligh**t” means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the “sternlight” defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e) “**All-round light**” means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.
(f) “**Flashing light**” means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of **120 flashes** or more per minute.
49
Rule 22 - Visibility of Lights
Navigation Rules
The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified in Section 8 of Annex I to these Regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges:
(a) In vessels of 50 meters or more in length:
- - a masthead light, 6 miles;
- - a sidelight, 3 miles;
- - a sternlight, 3 miles;
- - a towing light, 3 miles;
- - a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles.
(b) In vessels of 12 meters or more in length but less than 50 meters in length:
- - a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the vessel is less than 20 meters, 3 miles;
- - a sidelight, 2 miles;
- - a sternlight, 2 miles;
- - a towing light, 2 miles;
- - a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.
(c) In vessels of less than 12 meters in length:
- - a masthead light, 2 miles;
- - a sidelight, 1 mile;
- - a sternlight, 2 miles;
- - a towing light, 2 miles;
- - a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.
(d) In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed:
(a) a white all-round light,
50
Rule 23 - Power-driven Vessels Underway
Fog prolong
Navigation Rules
(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit:
(i) a masthead light forward;
(ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 meters in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so;
(iii) sidelights; and
(iv) a sternlight.
Image Caption: Power-driven vessel underway.
(b) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the nondisplacement mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round flashing yellow light.
Air-cushion vessel when operating in the nondisplacement mode - vessel less than 50 meters in length.
Air-cushion vessel when operating in the displacement mode - vessel less than 50 meters in length.
(c) A WIG craft only when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit a high intensity all-round flashing red light.
Power-driven vessel of less than 12 meters in length.
(d)
(i) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 meters in length may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and sidelights;
(ii) a power-driven vessel of less than 7 meters in length whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and shall, if practicable, also exhibit sidelights;
Power-driven vessel of less than 7 meters in length whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots.
(iii) the masthead light or all-round white light on a power-driven vessel of less than 12 meters in length may be displaced from the fore and aft centerline of the vessel if centerline fitting is not practicable, provided that the sidelights are combined in one lantern which shall be carried on the fore and aft centerline of the vessel or located as nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line as the masthead light or the all-round
51
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing Fog prolong sort short
(a) A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit:
(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line. When the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow exceeds 200 meters, three such lights in a vertical line;
(ii) sidelights;
(iii) a sternlight;
(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight; and
(v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters, a diamond shape where it can best be seen.
Power-driven vessel towing astern - towing vessel less than 50 meters in length; length of tow exceeds 200 meters.
Power-driven vessel towing astern - towing vessel less than 50 meters in length; length of tow 200 meters or less.
(b) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23. Composite unit underway. Composite unit underway - less than 50 meters in length.
(c) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit:
(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or 23(a)
(ii) , two masthead lights in a vertical line; (ii) sidelights; and
(iii) a sternlight. Power-driven vessel pushing ahead or towing alongside—towing vessel less than 50 meters in length.
(d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule apply shall also comply with Rule 23(a)(ii). Power-driven vessel towing astern—length of tow 200 meters or less. The after masthead light is optional for vessel less than 50 meters in length. Vessel being towed—length of tow 200 meters or less.
(e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of this Rule, shall exhibit:
(i) sidelights;
(ii) a sternlight;
(iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters, a diamond shape where it can best be seen. Vessel or object being towed-length of tow exceeds 200 meters.
(f) Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel:
(i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit at the forward end, sidelights;
(ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and at the forward end, sidelights. Vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit. Vessel being towed alongside.
(g) An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit:
(h) if it is less than 25 meters in breadth, one all-round white light at or near the forward end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not exhibit a light at or near the forward end;
(i) if it is 25 meters or more in breadth, two additional all-round white lights at or near the extremities of its breadth;
(ii) if it exceeds 100 meters in length, additional all-round white lights between the lights prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 meters;
(iii) a diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters an additional diamond shape where it can best be seen and located as far forward as is practicable. Dracone being towed.
(h) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g) of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of such vessel or object.
(i) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel not normally engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule, such vessel shall not be required to exhibit those lights when engaged in towing another vessel in distress or otherwise in need of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing vessel and the vessel being towed as authorized by Rule 36, in particular by illuminating the towline.
52
Rule 21: Masthead on an inland water, vessel \< 12m
Masthead may be off center.
53
Rule 21: Lights and Shapes Definitions Sidelights 112.5 degrees visibility. And \<20m ...
May combine sidelights.
54
Rule 21 Lights and Shapes Definitions Combined sidelights in inland waters may ...
Be off center
55
Rule 21: Masthead light color and arc?
White light
225 degrees
56
Rule 21: Sidelights color and visibility?
Green starboard Red port
\<20m may combine.
57
Rule 21: Sternlight color and arc?
White 135 degrees, 67.5 from each side.
58
Rule 21: Towing light color and arc?
Yellow 135 degrees, same as stern light.
59
Rule 21: All-round light color and arc?
White, red, green, or yellow. 360 degrees.
60
Rule 21: Flashing light color and flash?
Only one color so far, yellow on non displacement craft. .
Flashes 120 or more. Don't get confused by questions that have numbers greater than 120.
61
Rule 21: Special flashing light (inland) where and what flash?
Yellow Flashes 50-70, slower than flashing light.
Slow flash, slow tow.
Placed at bow of barges pushed or hipped.
Arc is 180-225 depending on shape of barge.
62
Rule 23: Placement of masthead light?
Masthead forward \< 50 m 2nd one is optional.
Second masthead light abaft and higher
Inland can be abaft, all-round, and lower. See image.
63
Rule 23: Second masthead light location?
Abaft of and higher than 1st masthead light.
Required on vessels \>= 50m.
Very important part of rule. The optional masthead light for 50m.
Just because there are two masthead lights doesn't mean the vessel is \>50m.
64
Rule 23: Position and color of sidelights?
Red and green on side but not necessarily near the bow.
65
Rule 23: Placement of sternlight
Center of stern.
66
Rule 23: Yellow flashing light?
On hovercraft or non displacement boats when going fast. Yellow fast flash--120 per minute or more. All-round light where best seen.
67
Rule 23: WIG light?
Red Flashing light on takeoff, landing, and near the surface.
68
Rule 21: (International) vessel \<7m.
Sidelights not required. International only.
69
Rule 21: (International) vessel \<12m.
All-round white light may be off center if sidelights are combined. International.
70
Rule 23: (Inland) second masthead light on Great Lakes?
May be all-round but still abaft and higher than 1st masthead light. This is for any size boat and grandfathers older lakers.
71
Rule 25 - Sailing Vessels Underway and Vessels Under Oars
(a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit:
(i) sidelights;
(ii) a stern light. Sailing vessel underway.
(b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 meters in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen.
(c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule. Sailing vessel underway—less than 7 meters in length.
(d)
(i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 meters in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.
Vessel under oars.
(ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision. Vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery. Same for Inland except that a vessel of less than 12 meters in length is not required to exhibit the dayshape.
(e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards.
Image capture: Sailing vessel underway with motor.
72
Rule 26 - Fishing Vessels: Navigation Rules
Navigation Rules
(a) A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule. Vessel engaged in trawling—not making way.
(b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit:
(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above the other; Vessel engaged in trawling—not making way; vessel less than 50 meters in length.
(ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light; a vessel of less than 50 meters in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so;
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. Vessel engaged in trawling—making way; vessel less than 50 meters in length. Vessel engaged in trawling—making way. Vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling—making way.
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit: (i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one above the other;
(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 meters horizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear;
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. Vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling—not making way.
(d) The additional signals described in Annex II to these Rules apply to a vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing.
(e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length.
73
Rule 27 - Vessels Not Under Command or Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver
Navigation Rules (a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit: (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen; (ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen; (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. Vessel not under command—not making way. Same for Inland. Vessel not under command—making way. Same for International. Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver—making way; vessel less than 50 meters in length. (b) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver, except a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations, shall exhibit: (i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white; (ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond; (iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light or lights, sidelights and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i); (iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30. Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver—at anchor; vessel less than 50 meters in length. Vessel engaged in towing operation which severely restricts towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course—length of tow does not exceed 200 meters; towing vessel less than 50 meters in length. (c) A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule. (d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her ability to maneuver, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(i), (ii) and (iii) of this Rule and shall in addition, when an obstruction exists, exhibit: (i) two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate the side on which the obstruction exists; (ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass; (iii) when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30. Vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations when restricted in ability to maneuver—making way with an obstruction on the starboard side. Vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations when restricted in ability to maneuver—not making way with an obstruction on the starboard side. (e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule, the following shall be exhibited: (i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white; (ii) a rigid replica of the International Code flag “A” not less than 1 meter in height. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round visibility. Small vessel engaged in diving operations. Small vessel engaged in diving operations. (f) A vessel engaged in mineclearance operations shall, in addition to the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rule 30 as appropriate, exhibit three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel to approach within 1000 meters of the mineclearance vessel. Vessel engaged in mineclearance operations—vessel less than 50 meters in length. Vessel engaged in mineclearance operations. (g) Vessels of less than 12 meters in length, except those engaged in diving operations, shall not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule. (h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these Regulations. Created in the iPhone/iPad app Navigation Rules. Get Navigation Rules today. Sent from my iPad
74
Rule 28 - Vessels Constrained by Their Draft
Navigation Rules for vessel CBD:
A vessel constrained by her draft may, in addition to the lights prescribed for power-driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder.
75
Rule 29 - Pilot Vessels
Navigation Rules
(a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit:
(i) at or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being white and the lower red;
(ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight;
(iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor.
(b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length. Vessel engaged on pilotage duty—underway. Vessel engaged on pilotage duty—at anchor; vessel of less than 50 meters in length.
76
Rule 30 - Anchored Vessels and Vessels Aground
(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen:
(i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball;
(ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in subparagraph (i), an all-round white light.
(b) A vessel of less than 50 meters in length may exhibit an all-round white light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule.
(c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 meters and more in length shall, also use the available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks.
(d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen:
(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line;
(ii) three balls in a vertical line.
(e) A vessel of less than 7 meters in length, when at anchor, not in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shape prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule.
(f) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length, when aground, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (d)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.
77
Rule 31 - Seaplane & WIG Lights and Shapes?
Where it is impracticable for a seaplane or a WIG craft to exhibit lights and shapes of the characteristics or in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this Part she shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and position as is possible.
78
Rule 32 - Sound and Light Signals: Definitions
(a) The word “**whistle**” means any sound signaling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations.
(b) The term “**short blast**” means a blast of about one second’s duration.
(c) The term “**prolonged blast**” means a blast of from four to six seconds’ duration.
79
Rule 33 - Equipment for Sound Signals
(a) A vessel of **12 meters** or more in length shall be provided with a **whistle**, a vessel of 20 meters or more in length shall be provided with a **bell** in addition to a whistle, and a vessel of **100 meters** or more in length shall, in addition, be provided with a **gong**, the tone and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell.
The whistle, bell and gong shall comply with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations. The bell or gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the prescribed signals shall always be possible.
(b) A vessel of **less than 12 meters** in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient sound signal.
80
Rule 34 - Maneuvering and Warning Signals
(a) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway, when maneuvering as authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that maneuver by the following signals on her whistle:
- - one short blast to mean “I am altering my course to starboard”;
- - two short blasts to mean “I am altering my course to port”;
- - three short blasts to mean “I am operating astern propulsion”.
(b) Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, while the maneuver is being carried out:
(i) these light signals shall have the following significance:
- - one flash to mean “I am altering my course to starboard”;
- - two flashes to mean “I am altering my course to port”;
- - three flashes to mean “I am operating astern propulsion”;
(ii) the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the interval between flashes shall be about one second, and the interval between successive signals shall be **not less than ten seconds**;
(iii) the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an **all-round white light**, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.
(c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway:
(i) a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule 9(e)(i) indicate her intention by the following signals on her whistle:
-- two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean “I intend to overtake you on your starboard side”;
_ \_ .
-- two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts to mean “I intend to overtake you on your port side”.
_ \_ . .
(ii) the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule 9(e)(i) shall indicate her agreement by the following signal on her whistle:
-- one prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, in that order.
_ . _ .
(d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes.
. . . . . . . . . . .
(e) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction.
\_
(f) If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 meters, one whistle only shall be used for giving maneuvering and warning signals.
81
Rule 35 - Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility
In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:
(a) A power-driven vessel **making way** through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.
\_
WAY
(b) A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and **making no way** through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.
_ \_
Noo Way
(c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver, a vessel constrained by her draft, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts.
_ . .
(d) A vessel **engaged in fishing**, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
_ . .
(e) A **vessel towed** or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.
_ . . .
(f) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.
(g) A vessel at **anchor** shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel.
ringy-dingy-dingy
A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.
. _ .
```
(h) A vessel **aground** shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell.
/// ringy-dingy-dingy ///
```
A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.
(i) A vessel of **12 meters or more but less than 20 meters** in length shall not be obliged to give the bell signals prescribed in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this Rule. However, if she does not, she shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
Pots-and-Pans rule
(j) A vessel of **less than 12 meters** in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
(k) A **pilot vessel** when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (g) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four short blasts.
. . . .
82
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: masthead lights.
2 masthead lights
3 masthead lights if tow \> 200m.
Measure tow length from stern of vessel to stern of tow.
83
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: Pushing ahead. International.
There is no length rule for pushing tow. The vessel follows rules for power vessels,
if \>50m than an aft masthead is required.
International.
84
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: Inland towing lights.
2 yellow masthead lights atop each other.
Yellow over yellow I'm an inland towing fellow.
85
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: Vessel greater than 50 M
Masthead light above and abaft as in any power vessel
If masthead is aft the second masthead must be forward.
86
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: Tow lights.
Normal tows have sidelights and a stern lights.
If \>200m then a diamond day shape.
Sound prolong short short short if manned.
**\_ . . **
87
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: Tow ahead lights.
If pushed, sidelights.
If alongside, sidelights and stern light.
**Inland**
Special flashing light.
When towing on both sides, a stern light on both, sides, and a special flashing light at the bow.
88
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: Partly submerged
E.G., Logs.
**Dominoes:**
All -round white lights fore and aft.
If 25m wide, on all corners.
If \>100m long add another light between.
Diamond shape
Second shape if \>200m.
International only.
**Inland** may direct a search light toward tow.
89
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: impracticable
Do what you can to light the tow.
90
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: Inland bridge tow rule.
No masthead lights.
Sidelights.
2 tow lights.
Above Huey Long Bridge.
91
Rule 24 - Towing and Pushing: towing when not a tow boat.
Do what you can to light the tow.
92
Rule 25 - Sailing Vessels Underway: \<20m
May use tricolor near top of mast.
93
Rule 25 - Sailing Vessels Underway: alternative lights.
Red over green sailing machine all-round lights.
94
Rule 25 - Sailing Vessels Underway \<7m.
If you don't have the lights, a torch or lantern will do.
95
Rule 25 - Vessels Under Oars: \<7m
A torch at the ready will do.
96
Rule 25 - Sailing Vessels motorsailing.
Fly an inverted cone where best seen.
Steaming light.
**Inland**
\<12m not required to display shape.
97
equipment for sounds: International
12m
20m
12m or more a get a whistle. 20m or more get a bell too. 100m get a gong.
98
equipment for sounds: Inland
12m
12m or more a get a whistle and bell too. 100m get a gong.
99
Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Signals
What is clock memory aid?
0100 I am altering to starboard or I intend to leave you to port.
## Footnote
1100 I am altering to port or I intend to leave you to starboard.
100
Rule 34: What is interval between supplemental light signals?
.
## Footnote
Not less than 10s.
101
Rule 34: For how far must supplemental light signals be seen?
.
## Footnote
International: 5mi
Inland: 2mi. And may be synchronized with sounds.
102
Rule 34: What are sound signals for overtaking in a narrow channel?
International
## Footnote
\_ _ . prolong prolong short
Wake up, I intend to overtake you on starboard.
\_ _ . . prolong prolong short short
Wake up, I intend to overtake you on port.
\_ . _ . Ohh K. Ohh K is the response.
Inland is the same for any power vessel overtaking situation.
103
Rule 34: What are sound signals for a blind bend?
\_ prolong blast expecting a returning prolong blast, nothing, or a D&D signal.
104
Rule 34: Inland signal for leaving a dock?
\_ prolong blast
105
Rule 34: Inland use of radiotelephone?
May reach agreement for any maneuvering signals in which case other signals are not necessary.
## Footnote
Use ch-13.
106
Entire rule.
In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:
(a) A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.
(b) A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.
(c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver, a vessel constrained by her draft, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts.
(d) A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.
(f) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.
(g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.
(h) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.
(i) A vessel of 12 meters or more but less than 20 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the bell signals prescribed in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this Rule. However, if she does not, she shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
(j) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
(k) A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (g) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four short blasts.
107
Power vessel making way and not making way.
(a) _ WAY. A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.
(b) _ \_ NOo WAY. A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.
108
Other vessels than power on the pecking order
\_ . . Prolong short short
(c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver, a vessel constrained by her draft, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts.
(d) A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.
(f) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.
109
Sound signals for fishing at anchor or RAM. .
\_ . . Prolong short short
(d) A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
(e) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.
(f) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.
110
Sound signals for a manned tow And composite.
\_ . . Prolong short short
(e) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.
(f) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.
111
Sound signals to indicate position that may be sounded n
. _ . Short prolong short at interval of 1 min.
112
Vessel at anchor and aground in limited visibility.
(g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.
(h) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.
113
Sound signal exceptions for small vessels in limited visibility.
(i) A vessel of 12 meters or more but less than 20 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the bell signals prescribed in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this Rule. However, if she does not, she shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
(j) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
114
Sound signal may use for pilot vessel.
(k) A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (g) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four short blasts.
## Footnote
.
115
Rule 36 - Signals to Attract Attention
If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel, any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal authorized elsewhere in these Rules, or may direct the beam of her searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel. Any light to attract the attention of another vessel shall be such that it cannot be mistaken for any aid to navigation. For the purpose of this Rule the use of high intensity intermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe lights, shall be avoided.
## Footnote
Inland may use strobe too.
116
Rule 37 - Distress Signals
When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the signals described in Annex IV to these Regulations. [add image here] Distress Signals - 72 COLREGS
117
Apparent wind Windward Leeward
118
Physics of sailing
High pressure and low pressure forces on either side of sail. Rudder and keep are foils to keep boat from sliding sideways. Slippage is leeway.
119
Points of Sail.
Running 180 degrees Broad reach on quarter. Beam reach off the beam Close reach off bow. Close haul as close as possible. No go zone less than 30-45 degrees.
120
Spinnakers
Running down. Whisker pole. Can't go faster than wind. Jibe. Asynchronous can be flown on broad each.
121
Sailing safety MOB
Head up.
122
Sailboats
Masthead sloop Fractional sloop Gaff rigged sloop Cutter: Yankee & staysail. Ketch: 2 masts mizzen at rear forward of the rudder post Yawl: mizzen is aft of rudder post. Cat Boat: 1 mast, 1 sail. Cater man: 2 hulls Schooner: 2 or more masts and sails. Square sails running rigging controlled by braces.
123
Rigging and Sails
Standing rigging
Forestay
Backstay
Shrouds
Hanks clip on to forestay.
Running rigging
Halyards & sheets. Sail corners: head, tack, clue. Sail sides: luff & leach. Foot.
