Ruminants

Question 1

Why do carnivores have a shorter gut than herbivores

Answer 1

Bc protein is more easily digested than cellulose which needs more time and enzyme action and more space to accommodate bulky plant matter

Question 2

True stomach?

Answer 2

Abomasum, the glandular chamber

Question 3

Name for a simple stomach

Answer 3

Monogastric digestive system

Question 4

Example soft organisms with simple stomachs

Answer 4

Humans, pigs, rabbits

Question 5

Examples of ruminants

Answer 5

Sheeps, cows, goats

Question 6

4 chambers of ruminants gut in order of food passage

Answer 6

Rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum

Question 7

How do herbivorous mammals get the calluses necessary to digest cellulose

Answer 7

Cellulase secreting bacteria live in the gut (mutualistic)

Question 8

Where are the celulase secreting bacteria found

Answer 8

Rumen and reticulum

Question 9

Products of fermentation

Answer 9

Beta glucose and short chain fatty acids

Question 10

Uses of the products of fermentation

Answer 10

Major energy source

Question 11

Describe the passage of the food through channels in a ruminant

Answer 11

Rumen
Reticulum
Regurgitation
Reswallowed
Omasum
Abomasum

Question 12

Function of omasum 4

Answer 12

Churning of food for further bacterial fermentation
Reduces feed particle size
Absorb water to dry out ingesta
Absorb volatile fatty acids

Question 13

Function of abomasum

Answer 13

Produces acidic (HCl) and enzyme secretions for chemical digestion

Question 14

Structure of rumen, and pH

Answer 14

Largest chamber
Folded walls
Contains microorganisms
pH 6-7

Question 15

Function of rumen

Answer 15

Ferment cellulose
Absorb organic acids
Continually contract

Question 16

From where are CO2 and CH4 produced in ruminants

Answer 16

Rumen

Question 17

Relative size of reticulum

Answer 17

Smallest chamber

Question 18

Function of reticulum

Answer 18

Contracts for regurgitation
Catches dense, heavy feed for later rumination

Question 19

Structure of omasum

Answer 19

Globe shaped
Lining called many piles

Question 20

pH of abomasum 3

Answer 20

2.5 to dissolve minerals, kill rumen bacteria, break down proteins

Question 21

Why do rabbits reinvest food / faces

Answer 21

To absorb nutrients bc cellulase digesting bacteria are found in the vacuum but nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine

Question 22

Name for soft rabbit faeces containing hight glucose

Answer 22

cecotropes

Question 23

How do rabbits differentiate between soft and hard faeces

Answer 23

soft smell sweeter

Question 24

How do ruminants gain protein

Answer 24

From bacteria, which produce bacterial protein from non protein nitrogen in grass