Running Notes Flashcards
- anecdote
: a short, simple narrative of an incident, often used for humorous effect or to make a
point
- argumentation
: Writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by
presenting “
reasoned” arguments
; persuasive
writing is a form of argumentation and is the
focus of the AP Language and Composition program.
- allegory
\: an extended narrative of an incident in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writ er intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface of the story; the underlying meaning may be moral, religious, political, social or satiric.
- annotation
: Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographic data. In
AP Language you will need to
demonstrate DETAILED annotation
on most of your readings.
- antithesis
: the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase,
clause, or paragraphs. “To be or not to be…”, “Ask not what y
our country can do for you, ask
what you can do for your country.”
- rhetoric
\: the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing , especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques .
- colloquialism
: a word or phrase (including slang) used I everyday conversation and informal
writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y’all, ain’t, can’t, somethin’)
- connotation
: words suggesting implied meaning because of its assoc
iation in a reader’s mind. This
is the opposite of “denotation.
consonance
\: repetition of identical consonant sounds within two or more words in close proximity \: boot/beat/best/brag, or even compound words , fulfill, ping - pong .
caricature
: descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person’s appearance
or a facet of personality
coherence
: the “quality” of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development
of the central idea/
theme or organizing principle.
aphorism
: a short, often witty, statement of a principle or truth about life. Benjamin Franklin was
somewhat famous for these in Poor Richard’s Almanac, e.g. “
The early bird gets the worm
.”
apostrophe
: usually in poetry, but sometimes in prose: the device of calling out to an imaginary,
dead, or absent person or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction.
cacophony
\: also referred to as DISSONANCE ...hard, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberat ely in poetry or prose; the opposite of EUPHONY
connotation and denotation
connotation is your description. denotation is the dictionary definition.
enumeration
:
Enumeration is a rhetorical device used for listing the details or a process of
mentioning words or phrases step by step. In fact, it is a type
of
amplification
or division in
which a subject is further distributed into components or parts.
Writers use this to clarify and
detail understanding.
analogy
:
An analogy is a
comparison
in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that
is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that
is familiar.
Only read the
information below to help you understand.
parallelism
:
Parallelism is the use of components in a sen
tence that are grammatically the same; or
similar in their construction, sound, meaning or
meter
. Parallelism examples are found in literary
works as well as in ordinary conversations.
Like father, like son
.
The escaped prisoner was wanted dead or alive.
Easy come, easy go.
Whether in class, at work or at home, Shasta was always busy.
Flying is fast, comfortable, and safe
allusion
- ALLUSION
:
Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or
idea of historical,
cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which
it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough
knowledge to spot the allusion and gra
sp its importance in a text.
metoymy
It is a
figure of speech
that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something
else with which it is closely associated. We can come across
examples of metonymy both from
literature and in everyday life.
Do not confuse this with a metaphor as a METONYMY is not
creating a comparison.
“I’m mighty glad Georgia waited till after Christmas before it secedes or it
would have ruined the Christmas pa
rties.”
anaphora
:
In writing or speech, the deliberate
repetition
of the first part of the sentence in order to
achieve an artistic effect is known as Anaphora.
Anaphora, possibly the oldest literary device, has
its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases. Gradually, Elizabethan and
Romantic writers brought this device into practice.
epistrophe
:
Epistrophe is derived from a Greek word that means turning upon, which indicates the
same
word returns at the end of each sentence. Epistrophe is a stylistic device that can be defined
as the
repetition
of phrases or words at the end of the clauses or sentences. It is also
called
epiphora
. Epistrophe examples are frequently found in literary pieces, in persuasive writing
and speeches.
The opposite of EPISTROPHE is???
asyndeton
\: Asyndeton is derived from a Greek word asyndeton which means unconnected. It is a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy. This literary tool helps in reducing the indir ect meaning of the phrase and presents it in a concise form. Asyndeton helps in speeding up the rhythm of words. Mostly this technique is employed in speech but can be used in written works too. “This is the villain among you who deceived you , who cheated you , who meant to betray you completely.......”
polysyndeton
:
The term polysyndeton comes from a Greek word meaning “bound together”. It
makes use of coordinating conjunctions like “and”, “or”, “but” and “nor” (mostly
and
and
or
)
which are used to join s
uccessive words, phrases or clauses in such a way that these conjunctions
are even used where they might have been omitted.
