Rural Health Flashcards
(28 cards)
Census Bureau def of urban
50,000 or more people
Rural vs Urban
Larger # of people <18 but >65 yrs
Rural residents >18 more likely to be married
More likely to be widowed
Fewer years of formal education
Rural families lower income and less likely to have private insurance, more likely to receive public assistance or be uninsured
Rural people have poorer perception of overall health and functional status (believe they are in worse health)
Rural vs urban continued
-Rural more likely to have a general provider, not a specialist.
Access to care issue: travel, time
-Farm stress: Economic downturn in the ag industry as it impacts an ind. family and the community.
-High risk occupations: OSHA ID four high risk industries
-Accidents 50% higher, less likely to wear seatbelts, opioid use higher in rural areas
Rural vs urban preventative care
Less likely to engage in preventative care
Higher risk of tobacco, ETOH abuse and obesity.
Rural more likely to have chronic health conditions.
Health resources: school nursing
Scarce resources, rely on creativity and innovation for kids.
T/F there is less available prenatal/pediatric specialty care in rural areas.
True
T/F rural has higher infant and maternal morbidity rates as there is no care for at-risk populations, travel and time
True
Rural mental health
Rural delay visits for mental health even when provided accessible; mental illness is prevalent among economically deprived individuals.
Depression in rural communities
Poverty, isolation and geographics
Rural women’s health
Poorer overall health than urban counterparts
Greater risk of unintentional injury
Greater mortality rates from: road accidents, CV disease, suicide.
Other factors: teen pregnancy, cervical cancer, substance abuse.
Characteristics of rural health
Different health seeking behaviors
Use of complementary medicines
Place value on self-reliance
T/F those in rural areas will more often opt for radical treatment
True
Life as a rural nurse
Must be a jack of all trades:
Peds immunizations, STI testing, care of elderly, providing community education.
Is slower paced, more about relationships.
**Critical access hospitals.
Rural traits
hardy, self-reliant, independent, conservative, work oriented, distrusting of newcomers, lack of anonymity.
Use of complementary medicine in rural healthcare
Relief of symptoms, ineffectiveness of allopathic tx
Side effects f allopathic treatments
Concerns about adverse effects of allopathic tx
Availability
Desire for control.
Who primarily in rural communities use CAM more?
Older, rural medicines
Implications for CAM
Medication interactions- Warfarin
Side effects
Polypharmacy
Seeking care- doctoring at home before going in
**!!That are the three stages/Response to Illness
Self care stage
Lay resource stage
Professional resource stage
Response to illness: Stage 1) Self care stage
Get more rest
Watch and wait for more symptoms or resolution
Response to illness: Stage 2) Lay resource stage
Friends and neighbors
Local ranchers
Response to illness: Stage 3) Professional resource stage
“for emergencies”
“If there was nothing else I could do”
Policy gaps identified
- Delay of public health emergency declaration
- No single agency is assigned oversight of the management and tracking of the exposed population
- Poor coordination among key federal and state agencies
Ecological public health model
Address medical and nonmedical health determinants
Positive and negatives of social, economic, cultural and environmental factors interacting with biological and behavioral components.
5 action strategies of the ecological public health model
1) Build healthy policy
2) Create supportive environments
3) Strengthen community action
4) Develop personal skills
5) Reorient health services.
