Russia

Question 1

What happened on Bloody Sunday?

Answer 1

22 January 1905

200000 protesters marched to winter palace in st Petersburg to deliver a petition to the tsar.

Protesters led by father gapon

The tsar was not in the palace. Soldiers fired at protesters without warning

Question 2

What two reasons did Nicholas survive the 1905 revolution?

Answer 2

Concessions and coercions

Question 3

Example of concession that won the tsar the 1905 revolution

Answer 3

October manifesto promised political reforms like freedom of speech

Question 4

Example of coercion that helped tsar win 1905 revolution?

Answer 4

Brought back army from Japan to crush rebels

Question 5

Describe the main events of the 1917 revolution

Answer 5

January 1917 - strikes
7 March 1917- workers from steelworks in Petrograd went on strike
The Duma set up a provisional committee to take over government
15 March 1917- the tsar abdicated

Question 6

What were the reasons the tsar abdicated?

Answer 6

Long term problems, tsars weak leadership, defeats in war,chaos on the home front, strikes and food shortages

Question 7

Example of a long term problem in the tsarist rule?

Answer 7

Terrible living conditions for workers and peasants and growing opposition

Question 8

Example of tsars weak leadership

Answer 8

Inept eg appointed friends as ministers

Question 9

Examples of defeats in war

Answer 9

Soldiers were badly fed and poorly equipped some had no shoes

Question 10

Example of chaos in the home front

Answer 10

Agriculture and industry devastated as men were in war

Question 11

Example of strikes and food shortages

Answer 11

Number of strikes increases from approx 100 to over 1200 by 1917

Question 12

What problems did the provisional government face on taking over from the tsar

Answer 12

War whether or not to continue it.
Whether or not to give land to peasants
How to get food to workers in the cities.
How to deal with opposition

Question 13

What two reasons did the pg fail

Answer 13

Doomed by its problems and destroyed by its opposition and its own decisions

Question 14

What bad decision did the pg make

Answer 14

Gave freedom of speech while having opposition so government lacked authority

Question 15

Describe how the Bolsheviks seizure power in the autumn of 1917

Answer 15

September- Bolsheviks gained a majority in Petrograd and Moscow
October- Lenin persuaded Bolshevik leaders to make a coup
6 November- red guards took control of major transport and communication lines in Leningrad
7 November- storming of the winter palace and arrest of ministers of pg

Question 16

What reasons did the Bolsheviks gain popularity in 1917

Answer 16

Propaganda

Weakness of other parties

Question 17

Examples of propaganda the Bolsheviks used in 1917

Answer 17

Bread peace land

Question 18

Example of weakness of opposition to the Bolsheviks in 1917

Answer 18

Socialist revolutionaries had allied with the pg so got blames whenever something went wrong

Question 19

Who supported the white army in the civil war?

Answer 19

Monarchists
Upper class land owners
Foreign powers
Socialist revolutionaries

Question 20

Describe the main features of war communism

Answer 20

All large factories taken over by the government.
Production planned and organised by the government.
Free enterprise made illegal
Peasants forces to give surplus food to the government

Question 21

Reasons the Bolsheviks won the civil war

Answer 21

Strong leadership and the whites were weak

Question 22

Example of Bolshevik strong leadership

Answer 22

Trotsky kept discipline and maintained morale by travelling around on train to the front

Question 23

Why were the whites weak?

Answer 23

Made up of different groups all of whom had different aims

Question 24

What reasons did Lenin introduce war communism

Answer 24

Problems in countryside and cities

Question 25

Example of problems in countryside

Answer 25

The chaos of the war meant that not enough food was being produced

Question 26

Example of problem in cities

Answer 26

Food shortages were leading to riots and industrial collapse as workers left cities to find food

Question 27

What reasons did the Bolsheviks have to be able to establish themselves in power between 1918 and 1924?

Answer 27

Lenin Trotsky Red terror

Question 28

Example of lenins role in Bolshevik power

Answer 28

Used concessions and coercions to keep power

Question 29

Trotskys role in Bolshevik power

Answer 29

Vital role as leader of the red army in civil war

Question 30

Red terrors role in why the Bolsheviks got power

Answer 30

Over 7000 people were executed for counter-revolutionary activities

Question 31

What reasons were important to the communist victory in the civil war?

Answer 31

War communism Trotsky Red terror

Question 32

How did war communism help communist victory in the civil war?

Answer 32

Forced peasants to hand over surplus food to ensure food reached the cities

Question 33

Describe the features of the NEP

Answer 33

Grain requisitioning was stopped Small factories could be profit making Electrification Foreign trade was resumed

Question 34

Reasons why Lenin introduced the NEP

Answer 34

``` Food shortages (practical) Growing opposition (political) ```

Question 35

Example of food shortage causing Lenin to introduce the NEP

Answer 35

Peasants destroyed their surpluses rather than having them sized

Question 36

Example of growing opposition causing the introduction of the NEP

Answer 36

Mutiny at the Kronstadt naval base resulted in 20000 men being killed

Question 37

Success of war communism?

Answer 37

Did get some grain to the cities

Question 38

Failure of war communism?

Answer 38

Grain requisitioning was a failure

Question 39

Successes of the NEP

Answer 39

Food production increased

Question 40

Failures of NEP

Answer 40

Poverty remained as levels of unemployment remained high and peasants remained backwards

Question 41

Describe Trotskys career

Answer 41

Leader in 1917 revolution Became the people's commissar for foreign affairs. Trotsky was expelled from communist party in 1925 1940- Trotsky was murdered whilst in exile in Mexico

Question 42

Trotskys main strengths

Answer 42

Brilliant public speaker and writer. Good organised Experienced leader Good negotiator

Question 43

Describe the struggle for power that followed lenins death in 1924

Answer 43

Stalin tricked Trotsky into missing lenins funeral Trotsky was sacked as war commissar Trotsky expelled from ussr Bulgarian expelled from communist party

Question 44

Reasons why Stalin was able to gain power between 1924-1929

Answer 44

Trotskys weaknesses and stalins political shenanigans

Question 45

Example of Trotskys weaknesses

Answer 45

Trotskys arrogance meant he did not build up any support in the ranks of the party

Question 46

Example of stalins political shenanigans

Answer 46

Tricked Trotsky into missing lenins funeral

Question 47

What were stalins purges

Answer 47

Sparked by Kirovs murder Stalin used the murder as an excuse to clear out enemies in the party Show trials used to purge key party leaders. The purges occurred in waves

Question 48

Reasons why Stalin introduced purges

Answer 48

Stalins personality and forced modernisation

Question 49

How did stalins personality lead to purges

Answer 49

Stalin was paranoid about enemies within the party

Question 50

How did forced modernisation lead to the great purges

Answer 50

The drive for collectivisation and the 5 year plans led to widespread opposition