Russia AOS1: Key Events Flashcards
1
Q
Key Events
Emancipation Edict
A
- Released 1861
- Abolished serfdom
- Established the mir
- Village Commune
- Allowed for zemstvos
- Local Councils
- EE Worked by way of peasant land payments
2
Q
Key Events
Sergei Witte Industrial Reforms
A
- 1893-1903
- Aimed to:
- Attract foreign capital to invest in Russia
- Expand railway system to improve trade/export
- Improved Russia’s economy, brought stability
- Created terrible working conditions:
- 60h work days
- Women and children working underground
- 6 people per room
3
Q
Key Events
Bloody Sunday
A
- 7 January 1905
- Sympathy strikes after Putilov Steel Works sacked 5 men
- March of 110,000 led by Father Gapon
- Presented Petition, signed by 135,000
- Demolish the wall between yourself and the people, and let them govern the country in conjunction with yourself
- Ended with 200 killed, 800 wounded when soldiers fired on the crowd
4
Q
Key Events
Battle of Tsushima
A
- May 1905
- Destroyed Russian navy in 24h after travelling for 6 months
5
Q
Key Events
Mutiny on Potemkin
A
- July 1905
- Soldiers mutiny on battleship Potemkin in the Black Sea
6
Q
Key Events
Release of October Manifesto
A
- 17 October 1905
- In response to strikes that paralysed Russian economy during October
- Granted establishment of Duma
- Grant the population… freedom of conscience, speech, assemblies and associations
- Nicholas reluctant to release OM: Terrible decision
7
Q
Key Events
Release of Fundamental State Laws
A
- April 1907
- ‘No law can come into force without [the Tsar’s] consent’
- Asserted Tsars autocratic power
- Allowed for dismissal of 1st and 2nd Dumas
8
Q
Key Events
First and Second Duma
A
- 1906 and 1907
- Too radical for Nicholas:
- Constitution to limit the Tsar’s power
- Distribution of state, church and private land to the peasants
- Free education
- Nicholas dismisses them
9
Q
Key Events
Tsar Changes Electoral Laws
A
- 1907
- Changed proportion of votes
- 230 landowners votes = 125,000 industrial workers votes
- Allowed a more conservative Duma
10
Q
Key Events
Third and Fourth Duma
A
- 1907-1917
- Served their full terms
- Much more conservative
- Allowed Kerensky to ‘gain invaluable experience by being exposed to the inner workings of the government’ (Malone)
11
Q
Key Events
Stolypin’s Reforms
A
- Land Reform:
- Allowed for purchase of all royal and gov’t land: Peasant Land Bank
- Credit: Peasants had money to buy more land and equipment
- Social Reform:
- Proportional taxation
- Religious tolerance and freedom of conscience granted
- Compulsory primary education
- Industrial Reform:
- Night and underground labour banned for children, teens, and women
- Maximum working days shortened
- Increased Okhrana vigilance - ‘Stolypin’s Necktie’
12
Q
Key Events
Stolypin Assassinated
A
- October 1911
- Revolutionary oppressed under Stolypin’s regime
13
Q
Key Events
Increase in Strikes between 1910-1914
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A
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14
Q
Key Events
Lena Goldfields Massacre
A
- April 1912
- 200 strikers killed by police
- Unhappy with working conditions (16h working days)
15
Q
Key Events
Russia Enters WW1
A
- Russian/German tensions led to Germany’s declaration of War
- People prayed, shouted joyously, carried flags, and even bowed in reverence when the Tsar made public appearances
- War led to growing unrest - 4.7 times national expenditure of 1913 was used on war efforts
- 3 bullets per person per day
