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Jewish History > Russia In The 1850s > Flashcards

Russia In The 1850s Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Most of the tzars decrees….

Nevertheless….

A

1) we’re not consistently enforced

2) it had every negative effect on Jewish life

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2
Q

Who is on of the people that tried to help the Jews

A

Sir Moses Montefiore

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3
Q

Wher was Montefiore born

A

Into a Sephardic family in London in the late 1700s

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4
Q

As a result of Montefiore connections with…..

A

Rothschild family - they became really wealthy and retired at the age of 40

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5
Q

How many years did he spent helping Jews

A

62

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6
Q

He dedicated his life to help people live til

A

102

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7
Q

What did Montefiore become

A

The rep of the Jewish people to many governments and world leaders

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8
Q

What did Montefiore remain

A

An observant Jew his entire life and admired by Jews throughout the world

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9
Q

Although Montefiore had no

A

Children

Hundreds of Jewish institutions (hospitals,schools,etc) were named after him as a memory

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10
Q

What happened in 1840

A

A blood libel in Damascus, syria

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11
Q

Who was found murderer?
Who was accused?
Who arrested who? What was done to them

A

A priest and his servant
Jews
Turkish govt arrested the leaders of the Jewish community
Torched them upon with they “confessed” and imposed a huge fire on the Jewish community

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12
Q

Who protested?

What did Montefiore do?

A

Jews around the world

He was friendly with the queen of England and protested to het

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13
Q

How did the queen of England respond

A

Arranged to meet with then the turkish govt and succeeded in getting the pressure of the jews
And all future blood libels were banned in the ottoman empire

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14
Q

What about the French diplomat during the blood libel

A

Knew it wasn’t the Jews

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15
Q

How did wessrern assimilated Jews react that the French diplomat knew it wasn’t the jews ring the blood libel

A

Shocked at this revelation

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16
Q

What happened in 1846

A

Moses went to Russian to try and make life easier there

He traveled in his own carriage with 6 white horses - the way royalty traveled

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17
Q

What did Montefiore bring when he went to russia

A

A letter for tzar from the queen of england

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18
Q

How did the tzar react

This was the

A

He was mildly impressed
And he eased up a little on the news

First time Russian govt was made aware that the world cares about how they treat the Jews

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19
Q

Where did Moses travel after Russian

What did he do there

Study These Flashcards
A

To Palestine

He established the first community outside the walls of ירושלים

20
Q

What did the community have

first community outside the walls of ירושלים by Monetfiore

Study These Flashcards
A

A windmill which was to be used for Jews to earn a living by producing flour

21
Q

What happened in Montefiores and 100th birthday

Study These Flashcards
A

The queen ignited him

22
Q

What age did Montefiore die

By which what

Study These Flashcards
A

103 by which he had had given most of his money to charity

23
Q

What happened in 1854 in Russia

Study These Flashcards
A

Russia fought and lost the Crimean war to turkey britian France and Austria
About 250,000 Russians were killed

24
Q

What did the tzar realize

Study These Flashcards
A

That compared to other countries Russia was very backward

25
What did the tzars ministets convince
Him that one way to modernize would be to abolish some of the harsh decrees
26
What did the tzar try to do | What was the result
Reform the govt Freed the surfs (peasants who belonged to the kings) Things got slightly better for Jews about 10-15 yrs
27
What was the Jewish life in Germany mid 1800s
There were not many Orthodox Jews remaining
28
What did most ppl in Germany believe | In fact there was
That there was no future for Orthodox Jews in Germany | An organization called “the society for the science of Judaism”
29
What was the goal of this organization | “the society for the science of Judaism
To create a mueseum of what Jewish life once was
30
As time went on What happened to most of its members the society for the science of Judaism”
Converted to Christianity
31
Who is the person most reviving orthodox Jewish life in Germany
Rabbi Samson rafael hirsch
32
What did rabbi hirsch devote most of his life to
Fighting reform and showing Jews that they can enjoy all the benefits and opportunities that Germany was giving them without compromising on their Judaism
33
Where was hirsch born | How well was he educated
In 1808 in Hungary | A Torah scholar but also educated secular studies as well
34
What did rabbi hirsch give up
His position as chief rabbi of Moravia (25,000 Jews) to become the rabbi of a small synagogue in frankfort, Germany (100 families)
35
What language did hirsch speak in and to who? | What did he write and comment in? And on what
1) German - people of his synagogue | 2) German - Chumash
36
And what did Hirsh do to Germany
Preach loyalty to Germany
37
But Hirsh was
Fiercely dedicated to following Jewish law and customs
38
What was one of hirsch themes in his writing | What’s the greatest thing a Jew can do to accomplish this goal
Was that Judaism was a mission to civilize the world | The greatest thing a Jew can do to accomplish this goal is to observe Torah
39
Every Jew can fulfill the highest ideal by
Being observant
40
What did hirsch teach about torah
It doesn’t change or evolve | When the world changes we apply the law of the Torah to the new situation
41
What did rav hirsch spent years doing | 2 reasons for this
Trying to receive official govt recognition for Orthodox Jews in Frankfurt 1) reform leaders who controlled money from the govt were not finding orthodox institutions 2) Bering part of the same organization as reform implies recognition of reform as a legitimate version of Judaism
42
what was rav hirsh successful in rebuilding
frankfurt into a major orthodox jewish community
43
when did rav hirsch die
1888 | prior to ww2
44
where did many of the farnkfurt memebers reestablish themselves
in washington heights manhattan
45
who was in the early 1800s in the city of presbury
great rabbi R Moshe Sofer the Chasam Sofer
46
What kind of leader was rav Moshe sofer | What did he refuse
1) major leader against reform 2) refused to compromise or change even the smallest customs bc he felt that change could ultimately lead to assimilation
47
What was rav Moshe a favor of | What about most rabbis
The opinion that reform could be totally cut off from the Jewish people However most rabbis didn’t agree

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