Russia, soviet forign policy Flashcards
(20 cards)
what was the ultimate dilemma?
permanent revolution
stable working relations with other countries
Who was Chicherin? what did he do?
foreign commissar
anti British
favoured relationships with Germany
“peaceful co-existence”
what were the initial attitudes to foreign policy?
dislike by other countries due to anti-capitalist and betrayal in the war
what was the Comintern? what happened in July 1920 and June 1921?
secret police working in Europe founded in March 1919, led by Zinoviev who said “in a year the whole of Europe will be communist”
July 1920 - second congress - centralise power in Moscow
third party congress - June 1920 - abandonment of armed uprising
what happened during the Russo-polish was? why is it so significant?
April - October 1920
chance to create “red bridge into Europe”
Lenin had to accept peaceful co-existence - Turning point
what happened at Rapallo?
1921 - secret discussions with Germany about economic and military co-operation
1922- Rapallo treaty - recognition of co-operation - aim to divide Germany from other nation - ends isolation
1926 - Treaty of Berlin strengthens ties
How did the USSR receive official recognition?
1921 - peace agreement with Britain
1924 - Britain, France and Italy recognised
why was Britain the USSR’s main enemy?
Comintern activity in India - British empire
TUC and general strike in 1926
Arcos raid in 1927
How did the Bolsheviks go about world revolution?
“crucial to spark revolution in more advanced countries”
Germany = popular target
1919- Munich - 2 day soviet republic - Hungary - 7 month soviet republic
what is the significance of the 3rd international?
after the polish invasion Lenin had to climb-down and in the 1921 congress formed the “united workers front” working with other socialist parties for a common aim
how did the USSR form relationships with the west?
3rd congress - need for peaceful co-existence
march 1921 - Britain and Russia sign a trade agreement
late 1921 - Russia agrees to pay back loans
April 1922 - Russia attended an international conference - delegations led by Chicherin with instructions not to reach a general agreement
Rapallo - 1922 - machinery trade for pilot training
1924 - 1st British labour government give recognition
How were relationships with the west weakened after 1923?
1923 - failed attempt to size communist power in \Germany - looked to the west
Zinoviev letter
1926 strikes in England encouraged by Russia
Comintern in India
1927 - Britain broke off diplomatic relations with the USSR
What was the “Zinoviev letter”?
published in the times 1924
forged letter f=supposedly from Zinoviev to the British communist party to begin propaganda and recruitment in the army
published just before general elections, highlighted public fear of communism
what influence did Stalin have on soviet foreign policy?
“socialism in one country”
what were relationships like with Germany? 1921-23
initially close after ww1
1922 Rapallo
what were relationships like with Germany? 1924-30
after 1923 - Comintern scaled back in Germany
1925 - Locamo , strengthen ties with Germany, Britain and France leaving USSR isolated
1926 - treaty of berlin - reaffirmed Rapallo
1930s - 47% of Russia’s imports from German firms and loans
what were relations with china like? 1921-26
1921 - help found Chinese communist party
1925 - Chiang Kai-Shek becomes leaders of GMD, anti communist , Stalin continues to support communists
what were relations with china like? 1927-30
April 1927 - Chiang ordered massacre of 30-40,000 communists
Chinese communist party adopted independent policy
contributed to war scares in Russia 1927
Comintern 1919-1928???????
Zinoviev is president until ousted with united opposition and replaced by Bukharin
Comintern 1928-30
control tightened significantly
Stalin controlled leadership of national parties
divided the left in Germany
