Russia- Stalin's rise to power and his Russia

Question 1

When was Trotsky sacked as War Commisar?

Answer 1

1925

Question 2

When were Kaminev, Zinoviev and Trotsky expelled from the communist party?

Answer 2

1927

Question 3

When was Bukharin expelled from the communist party?

Answer 3

1929

Question 4

When was the first 5 year plan?

Answer 4

1928-1933

Question 5

When was collectivization?

Answer 5

1930

Question 6

When was Kirov murdered?

Answer 6

1934

Question 7

Who spoke out for peasant under war communism?

Answer 7

Kirov.

Question 8

When was the first show trial?

Answer 8

1936

Question 9

When was the “Purge of the Army?”

Answer 9

1937

Question 10

When was the second show trial?

Answer 10

1937

Question 11

When was the third show trial?

Answer 11

1938

Question 12

When was the purges?

Answer 12

1934- 1938

Question 13

What did Stalin use as an excuse to start the show trials?

Answer 13

Kirov’s murder (probably ordered by Stalin himself).

Question 14

Who was on trial in the third show trial?

Answer 14

Bukharin, Rykov and Yagoda.

Question 15

What happened to all the people on the show trials.

Answer 15

They “confessed” to being part Trotskyist- Rightist conspiracies.

Question 16

Who was in the first show trial?

Answer 16

Kamenev and Zinoviev.

Question 17

Who was in the second show trial?

Answer 17

Senior party members that were possibly against Stalin.

Question 18

What percentage (and number) of generals had been purged in Stalin’s purges?

Answer 18

90% of senior officers
1/5 officers → (25,000)

Question 19

How many Russians had been transported to labour camps by 1939?

Answer 19

~20 million

Question 20

What were the 4 things that Stalin did to claim power?

Answer 20

1. Sidelining Trotsky
2. Forming political alliances
3. Changing history
4. Drawing similarities to Lenin

Question 21

What did the first 5 year plan focus on?

Answer 21

Improving coal, oil and steel industry.

Question 22

When was the second 5 year plan?

Answer 22

1933-1938

Question 23

When was the third 5 year plan?

Answer 23

1938-1941 (because Russia entered WWII)

Question 24

What was the aim of the second five year plan?

Answer 24

Heavy industry was still a priority but it developed other areas like infrastructure.

Question 25

What was the aim of the third five year plan?

Answer 25

To improve agriculture by making more machinery.

Question 26

When was Russia invaded in WWII (operation Barbarossa)?

Answer 26

22 June 1941

Question 27

How many Russian civilians died in WWII?

Answer 27

20 million

Question 28

What was the name of Stalin's wartime policy that involved moving all the factories and making the land unlivable?

Answer 28

Scorched Earth Policy.

Question 29

How many Russian casualties were there at Stalingrad?

Answer 29

1 million.

Question 30

How many Russians died at Leningrad?

Answer 30

1 million.

Question 31

When was the "Year of 10 victories"?

Answer 31

1944

Question 32

Who was Stalin's best general? (His battalion reached Berlin.)

Answer 32

Zhukov

Question 33

How many people in the communist party were arrested during the purges?

Answer 33

500,000

Question 34

When was Trotsky murdered?

Answer 34

1940 in Mexico

Question 35

How many people had been transported to labour camps and then how many had died in Stalin's purges?

Answer 35

18 million to labour camps 10 million dead

Question 36

What are some facts about gulags?

Answer 36

* Worked to build infrastructure, for example the Belomor Canal * 3 million people in gulags by 1939

Question 37

How did Stalin use propaganda to influence people's lives?

Answer 37

* Processions in celebration of his regime * Towns having streets named after or squares with statues of him * Cutting down religious worship. By 1939 → 1 in 40 churches were holding regular services * Composers → DIMITRI SCHOSTACOVICH * Education → Stalin and Lenin were the only people in the revolution

Question 38

How were peasants affected by Stalin's rule?

Answer 38

* **Collectivisation (1930)**- average peasants questioned Stalin's leadership and disliked growing **flax instead of food to feed themselves** with * **Kulaks refused to hand over their land** for collectivisation → **sent to labour camps** * Stalin continued **exporting food while** the **peasants were starving** → **famine 1932-33** in **Ukraine** (agriculturally rich area) * **Scorched Earth Policy** (1941) → fields burnt, whole villages destroyed

Question 39

How were industrial workers affected by Stalin's rule?

Answer 39

* Strict targets to meet and were fined if they weren't met * Propaganda to work hard- Alexei Stakhanov cut (stacking to remember his name like STAcK-hanov) 102 tonnes of coal in one shift * Internal passports prevented free movement around the USSR * Many could be accused guilty of trying to 'sabotage' the regime * Many died in construction (100,00 in Belomor Canal)