RUSSIA - the revolutions of 1917: 1

Question 1

three threats to the tsar

Answer 1

• peasant
• town workers
• social democrats

Question 2

how were peasants a threat to the tsar

Answer 2

• more land - they were in poverty
• 1905 they burnt land owners houses
• WW1 - the army took over the peasants crops

Question 3

how were town workers a threat to the tsar

Answer 3

• AWFUL living conditions
• their strikes were stopped and ppl arrested
• WW1 the factorised closed and there was inflation

Question 4

how were social democrats a threat to the tsar

Answer 4

Karl marx (wanted communism)
- BOLSHEVIKS - communist (town workers)
- MENSHEVIKS - needed to industrialise before communism

Question 5

military effects of WW1

Answer 5

• lost of deaths
• lots of land lost

Question 6

social effects of WW1

Answer 6

• starvation
• the peasants fighting couldn’t farm
• 6 mill refugees
• unemployment and business closures

Question 7

economic effects of WW1

Answer 7

• germans blocked factories - tax rose
• inflation - prices rose twice as fast as wages

Question 8

political effects of WW1

Answer 8

• duma criticised the tsar
• duma wanted tsar replaced
• taser wouldn’t share power with the duma

Question 9

tsar as commander in chief

Answer 9

• took command in 1915 (no military experience)
• left Petrograd to go to army headquarters
• he was never around
• lots HUGE respect

Question 10

three triggers for the feb revolution

Answer 10

• strikes and demonstrations
• mutiny in the army
• tsars absence

Question 11

strikes and demonstrations triggering the feb revolution

Answer 11

• putilov steelworks - ‘lock out’
• international woman’s day (gov declared rationing)
• warm weather - HUGE crowds

Question 12

mutiny in army triggering the feb revolution

Answer 12

• soldiers unhappy with officers bc they ordered for them to fire at demonstrations
• ppl refused to shoot - OUT OF CONTROL

Question 13

the tsars absence triggering the feb revolution

Answer 13

• left Petrograd
• ordered and unrest = BAD IDEA

Question 14

reason for the abdication of the tsar

Answer 14

• russia had no real government
• the duma set up the prov gov
• he wouldn’t share power with the duma

Question 15

how did the tsar get abdicated

Answer 15

he met up with the duma and they suggested that he voluntarily gives up the throne to save Russia

Question 16

the provisional government changes

Answer 16

• release political and religious prisoners
• democratic freedom
• no death penalty
• took over tsars land
• transferred power to the local council

Question 17

Petrograd soviet was only in support of the prov gov if…

Answer 17

• there was rights to strike
• no class or religion privileges
• the local government was elected

Question 18

Kerensky and mistakes

Answer 18

member of prov gov and Petrograd sov
leader of prov gov 1917 –> MISTAKES:
- continued to support the war
- acted against old ruling classes
- failed to control the Bolsheviks

Question 19

weakness and failures of the prov gov

Answer 19

• dual power (no control of railways etc)
• no decisive leadership
• didn’t provide land for peasants
• no improvements to the economy

Question 20

the June offensive

Answer 20

• Kerensky was war minister
• attacked Austrian and German forces
• 200K Russian casualties and loss of Russian land
• VERY BAD

Question 21

what was the kornilov revolt

Answer 21

• in 1917 Kerensky made kornilov the head of the army - improve discipline
• kornilov though Russia needed military rule
• kornilov sent troops to end the Petrograd soviet
• Kerensky (RED GUARDS) to defend against Kornilov
• kornilov was convinced not to attack –> OVER

Question 22

significance of the kornilov revolt

Answer 22

YES = bolsheviks
NO = prov gov
- ppl saw red guards as saviour not Kerensky
- bolsheviks won most seats in Petrograd soviet

Question 23

bolsheviks power story

Answer 23

1. Lenin returned and convinced friends to support
2. MRC (military rev committee) - heard rumours abt bolsheviks plans, Trotsky set up MRC to bring all soviet support to pretrograd
3. Kerensky tries to stop bolsheviks - closed bolsheviks newspapers, arrested MRC, blocked rivers
4. Bolsheviks control - RG seize more area, bolsheviks climbed windows and arrested remaining prov gov

Question 24

what was the April theses

Answer 24

lenin sent our commands of how the working class should take control of Russia in a second revolution.

Question 25

three commands of the April theses

Answer 25

1. end the war (capitalist and imperialist conflict threatened the revolution)
2. transfer all power to soviets (prov gov should not be supported)
3. take land from rich landlords and give it to peasants

Question 26

the July days

Answer 26

• riots and demonstrations against the prov gov
• because of food shortages and failure of June offensive
• bolsheviks joined - Lenin thought it was right time to overthrow prov gov
• soviet agreed to help prov gov and moves troops to Petrograd to stop the uprising
• bolsheviks arrested and blamed for the start of the uprising and Lenin escaped.

Question 27

Lenin’s powerful messages

Answer 27

• “ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS” (workers run factories)
• “PEACE, LAND AND BREAD” (stop war, stop food shortages and land to peasants