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russia- tsar crown- stolypin Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

what does orthodoxy mean

A

following traditional teachings

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2
Q

what does autocracy mean

A

a system of rule where one person has absolute power

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3
Q

what is a tsar

A

Russian word for king/emperor. Nicholas II was the tsar from 1894-1917

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4
Q

what does nationality mean

A

sense of belonging to the nation

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5
Q

when was Tsar Nicholas II born

A

1868

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6
Q

when was Tsar Nicholas II crowned

A

1896

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7
Q

who was Tsar Nicholas II wife

A

Alexandra of hesse

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8
Q

what did Tsar Nicholas II believe strongly in

A

autocracy, rejecting many reform requests

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9
Q

what did Tsar Nicholas II do in 1904-1905

A

led Russia into a bad war against Japan

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10
Q

when did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate the throne

A

1917

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11
Q

when was Tsar Nicholas II killed and by who

A

1918 by the Bolsheviks

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12
Q

how was Alexandra related to Queen Victoria

A

granddaughter

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13
Q

what were the problems with the court under Tsar Nicholas II(3)

A

ministers could be sacked without reason, good ministers were sacked because the tsar felt threatened, people were seen 1 on 1 with the tsar resulting in competition and chaos, unqualified friends and family members were appointed

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14
Q

what transportation was used

A

railway lines, most walked, carriages for upper class

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15
Q

when did the industrialisation start

A

late 1800s

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16
Q

why did peasants come to the city for work

A

make extra money

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17
Q

what type of people emerged during the industrialisation

A

capitalists

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18
Q

what was the role of capitalists

A

control the workers

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19
Q

what were the working conditions like in the city(6)

A

no regulations on child labour, hours, safety or education, trade unions illegal, low pay, 12-15 hour days, unguarded machinery, brutal discipline

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20
Q

how much of the population were peasants

A

80%

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21
Q

what were peasants life expectancy

A

40 years

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22
Q

who were kulaks

A

prosperous peasant farmers

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23
Q

what were the living conditions for peasants

A

very poor living, small strip of land allotted per family

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24
Q

how much of the population were nobility/aristocracy

A

1.5%

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25
how much land did the nobility/aristocracy own
25%
26
where did the profits from industry go
to the capitalists
27
what were the mir
peasant councils used to control peasants
28
who were the land captains
minor landlords appointed by the Tsar as his officials
29
what was Zemstva
local assemblies which ere dominated by landlords
30
what was the Ohkrana
the Tsar's secret police
31
what does abdicate mean
resign
32
when were political parties allowed
1905
33
what was a very common punishment
exile to siberia
34
what did the Crimean war do
highlighted Russia's weaknesses
35
what did alexander the II do
brought reform, industrialisation and frees the serfs
36
when were the serfs freed
1861
37
what was there an increase of under Alexander II
revolution groups
38
what did alexander III do after his father was murdered by terrorists
Counter- reform
39
who was Lenin
a revolutionary leader who followed Marxism
40
why did many Russians not like Tsarina Alexandra
she was German who Russia went to war with and was seen to be a spy
41
when was Lenin exiled to Siberia
1895
42
what does orthodoxy mean
following traditional teachings e.g the Russian orthodox church
43
what does autocracy mean
system of rule where one person has absolute power
44
what is nationality
sense of belonging to the nation
45
when was the Russo-japan war
1904-1905
46
what did the war do
showed how weak Russia was. war seen as unnecessary and a humiliating defeat
47
when was Alexei born
1904
48
what condition did Alexei have
haemophilia
49
when was bloody sunday
January 1905
50
what was bloody sunday
a Sunday where over 100k peaceful protestors led by father gapon came with petitions which stated that they wanted a constitution, more rights, end the war and elections. palace guards then fired upon them as they panicked. they killed 100-1000 people.
51
why was Nicholas II bad at ruling(5)
refused to share his power, avoided important decisions, refused to delegate, poor management of officials as he fired good ones due to fear, corruption(family appointed and bribes taken)
52
why did the government not collapse from 1894-1904(5)
Mir controlled peasants, land captains were appointed by the tsar, Zemstva and local assemblies, Ohkrana, no unity and limited resistance
53
what was Marxism
no classes and every worker works towards a common good. first the middle class overthrows monarchy then workers overthrow middle class, medium pace and radical
54
what was communism
Marxism however the public owns all the property and becomes classless, fast and radical change. use violence if needed
55
what was socialism
Marxism however there can be private property and change is slower. gentle pace
56
who wrote the communist manifesto
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
57
when was the communist manifesto written
1848
58
what nationality were the creators of the communist manifesto
german
59
who were liberals/cadets
a middle class political party who wanted democracy and said Britain had a king and a parliament
60
who were the socialist revolutionaries
radical political party. wanted to take nobility estates and give them to peasants. violent as they killed 2 government officials and many secret police. popular in towns and the countryside
61
who were the socialist democratic party
a party that split in 1903 into the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. both groups were illegal and wanted the same goal. Bolsheviks wanted it through revolution while Mensheviks wanted it through legal ways
62
what happened in Feb. 1905
series of riots and strikes. Tsar's uncle is killed
63
what happened in may 1905
the Russian navy was sunk after traveling for months to reach the Japanese
64
what happened in June 1905
mutiny on Potemkin- crew took control of ship
65
what happened in sept 1905
general strikes and the establishments of the soviets
66
what happened in oct 1905
the October manifesto was issued. this pleased the middle classes
67
what happened in Nov 1905
redemption payments stopped.
68
what happened in Dec 1905
workers not satisfied. the tsar used troops to crush the revolts.
69
what was the tsar known as before people lost faifth
little father
70
what did Russia expect from the Russo- japan war
a quick and easy win
71
what happened in the Russo-Japan war
most army and navy killed, Russia openly humiliated
72
what happened with rural peasants after bloody Sunday
they burned down houses and stole crops
73
what happened with colonised nations after bloody Sunday
burst into rebellion to protest outside rule
74
what happened with middle classes after bloody Sunday
discontent due to no vote or political parties
75
what did the October manifesto give(5)
basic civil rights, political parties allowed to form, Vote for men, Duma, end to autocracy
76
who were the duma
people elected by the peasants whose approval was needed for new laws
77
how was the duma composed
1/2 members appointed by tsar, half members appointed by others however Gentry votes outnumbered peasants votes 20:1
78
why did the duma start lasting longer as they went on
they became less radical so the Tsar didn't dismiss them
79
what were the fundamental laws
they said that the tsar possessed supreme power and had the power to appoint and dismiss the Duma.
80
when did the duma meet for the first time
may 1906
81
when were the fundamental laws issued
5 days before the duma met
82
who influenced the October manifesto
PM witte
83
what did the October manifesto do to the opposition
divided them, as the cadets were happy but the socialists were annoyed the tsar still ad to approve the laws.

history (2 decks)

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