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AICE European History > Russia Vocab > Flashcards

Russia Vocab Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the February Russian Revolution

A

Nicholas II

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2
Q

absolute in power or authority

A

autocratic

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3
Q

The secret police in Tsarist Russia. They spied on the people and arrested, tortured and imprisoned those who criticized the government. The courts had little control over them.

A

Okhrana

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4
Q

the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian empire

A

Russification

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5
Q

from 1892-1903; economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged western investors to build factories in Russia. Also responsible for the Trans-Siberian railroad and helped write the October Manifesto

A

Sergei Witte

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6
Q

Marxist who supported Lenin and wanted a centralized Revolution led by educated professional revolutionaries on behalf of the workers to create free & equal communist society

A

Bolsheviks

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7
Q

Marxist Social Democrats who used democratic decision making and were considered less radical than the Bolsheviks because they were more willing to temporarily compromise with the bourgeoisie to bring down the Tsar

A

Mensheviks

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8
Q

Want land reform, focus on peasants rising up to overthrow Czar. Marxist-influenced socialists that trended towards anarchism, terrorism and political assassinations

A

Socialist Revolutionaries

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9
Q

Industrialization program in Japan that made it ahead of Russia by 1904-5

A

Meiji Restoration

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10
Q

Leader of the factory workers who assembled before the czar’s palace to petition on January 1905 (Bloody Sunday).

A

Father Gapon

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11
Q

1905, peaceful protest to Czar Nicholas II at his palace, led by Father Gapon, fired on by palace guards, 100s died

A

Bloody Sunday

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12
Q

council of workers and soldiers set up in major cities in 1905 and again in 1917 to represent their people

A

Soviet

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13
Q

Issued in Russia as a compromise to stop the 1905 Revolution. Granted free speech, assembly, press and a popular parliament- Duma.

A

October Manifesto

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14
Q

The elected parliament. Though through establishing this is seemed like the Czar was giving his people power, in reality he could easily get rid of this if they made any laws or such that he didn’t like.

A

Duma

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15
Q

Issued by the Russian Government in 1906 to limit the October Manifesto. The Duma was still and the Upper House could pass laws but the Tsar had veto power and the power to dismiss the Duma

A

Fundamental laws

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16
Q

When the Russian navy ship Potemkin joined the 1905 revolt

A

Potemkin Mutiny

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17
Q

Bolshevik newspaper

A

Pravda

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18
Q

Issued by liberal middle class Kadets from self-imposed exile in Finland - should refuse to pay taxes until Czar respects Duma - but didn’t get working class support, Kadets arrested & imprisoned

A

Vyborg Manifesto

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19
Q

Russian prime minister under Czar Nicholas II. Instituted land reform policies, and repression of dissent.

A

Stolypin

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20
Q

hangman’s noose

A

Stolypin’s necktie

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21
Q

A worker association that bargains with employers over wages, benefits, and working conditions

A

Union

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22
Q

172 striking miners killed by military in 1912

A

Lena Goldfields Massacre

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23
Q

people who believe in Karl Marx’s ideas - industrial capitalism exploited the working class and the working class needed to rise up and overthrow the rulers to create an equal society

A

Marxists

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24
Q

European country trying to expand to include all ethnic Serbs, backed by ally Russia. Helped cause WWI

25
A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields - won not by conquering but by outlasting the other side's supplies
total war
26
War based on wearing the other side down by outlasting their ability to produce supplies
War of Attrition
27
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Inflation
28
St. Petersburg (renamed to sound less German during WWI)
Petrograd
29
the government set limits on the amount of goods civilians could have, often during war
Rations
30
Local assemblies in Russia started after serfs were emancipated that increased schools and medical access but also increased taxes - generally liberal or even conservative
Zemstvos
31
Self-proclaimed holy man who claimed to heal the sick and have prophecy. He had much influence over Tsarina Alexandra and she often went to him for advise on political issues - helped cause people to lose faith in Tsar
Rasputin
32
Unplanned uprisings accompanied by violent street demonstrations begun in March 1917 (old calendar February) in Petrograd, Russia, that led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a provisional government.
February Revolution
33
This occurred on March 8. On March 8, 1917, a march of thousands of women which was supposed to celebrate this event turned into a protest about the food shortage in Petrograd. These women combined with the Putilov workers who were already on strike. They were quickly joined by thousands of other workers, beginning the March revolution.
International women's day
34
to give up power
Abdicate
35
A temporary government created by the Duma after the abdication of the czar; it made the decision to remain in World War One, costing it the support of the soviets and the people.
Provisional Government
36
Order from Petrograd Soviet that army doesn't have to obey officers, and can elect new ones
Order Number 1
37
Leader of the provisional government
Kerensky
38
After the Tsar abdicates - there is no official government. The Provisional Government & Petrograd Soviet sort of share power
Dual Authority
39
Council representing striking workers in Petrograd, Russia's capital. Takes over as governing body after Tsar abdicates
Petrograd Soviet
40
Marxist leader of the Bolsheviks, slogan land, bread, peace to gain support from the people
Lenin
41
Lenin's criticism of the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet - says need class war and complete control by Bolsheviks
April Thesis
42
Lenin's slogan
"Peace, Land, and Bread"
43
Russia signed a humiliating peace treaty with Germany at this site and dropped out of the war, marking Russia's exit from World War I by conceding Lithuania, Poland, and Finland. Although Lenin supported peace many other Bolsheviks were not prepared to lose one third of the population to Germany.
Brest-Litovsk
44
when the Bolsheviks rose in insurrection but ended up failing. This temporarily strengthened the Provisional gov. Bolsheviks were arrested, Lenin fled.
July days
45
in late 1917 Kerensky's commander in chief, General Laver Kornilov led a feeble attack against the provincial government in September; his forces were quickly defeated. Weakened the Provisional gov, strengthened the Bolsheviks
Kornilov Affair
46
Military Revolutionary Committee created by Trotsky to protect Petrograd after Kornilov, essential for October Bolshevik takeover
MRC
47
Bolsheviks led by Leon Trotsky and Lenin claimed power in name of the soviets and proclaimed a full-scale revolution with support of workers and troops
October Revolution
48
The secret police under Lenin and his Communist Party - focused on political opponents
Cheka
49
...a government institution formed shorty after 1917 October revolution.created in the Russian republic, led by Lenin & Bolsheviks
Sovnarkom
50
Bolshevik military force
Red Guard
51
The campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the Bolshevik government
Red Terror
52
The application of centralized state control during the Russian civil war, in which the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
War Communism
53
New Economic policy in Soviet Russia to prevent Russia's economy from collapsing - allowed limited capitalism back
NEP
54
Rose in 1921 against party domination of the Soviets - violently put down by Bolsheviks but helped prompt shift from War Communism to NEP
Kronstadt Mutiny
55
counter revolutionaries who were loyal to the czar, or wanted a more liberal government
Whites
56
anti-Bolsheviks who wanted National Self-determination
Greens
57
War between Bolsheviks and non-Bolshevik forces in Russia 1918 - 1921. Bolsheviks won
Civil War
58
Leader of the MRC and Red Army and Lenin's second in command in the Bolshevik party.
Trotsky

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