Russia_1905-1924_Quizlet (1)

Question 1

Causes of 1905 Revolution

Answer 1

Defeat in Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), Bloody Sunday (Jan 1905), poor working conditions, lack of political freedom

Question 2

Bloody Sunday

Answer 2

22 Jan 1905 – Peaceful protest led by Father Gapon; 200+ killed by Tsar’s troops

Question 3

Opposition groups before 1905

Answer 3

Liberals (wanted constitutional monarchy), Social Revolutionaries (peasants), Social Democrats (Marxists – split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks)

Question 4

October Manifesto

Answer 4

Oct 1905 – Promised civil liberties & a Duma (parliament)

Question 5

First 2 Dumas (1906, 1907)

Answer 5

Radical, dissolved quickly by Tsar

Question 6

Third & Fourth Dumas

Answer 6

1907–1912, 1912–1917 – More conservative, less power

Question 7

Tsar’s control after 1905

Answer 7

Fundamental Laws (1906) – Tsar kept most power, could dissolve Duma

Question 8

Political parties in Duma

Answer 8

Kadets (liberals), Octobrists (moderate), Social Democrats (divided), Social Revolutionaries

Question 9

Military impact of WWI

Answer 9

Heavy defeats (Tannenberg 1914), 2 million soldiers dead by 1916

Question 10

Economic impact of WWI

Answer 10

Food & fuel shortages, inflation, transport collapse

Question 11

Tsar’s mistakes in WWI

Answer 11

Took command in 1915 – blamed for failures; left Tsarina in charge (influenced by Rasputin)

Question 12

Causes of Feb Revolution

Answer 12

Food shortages, WWI failures, anger at Tsarina & Rasputin

Question 13

Key events of Feb 1917

Answer 13

Strikes in Petrograd (Feb 23), mutiny of soldiers (Feb 27), Tsar abdicates (March 2)

Question 14

Result of Feb Revolution

Answer 14

Provisional Government formed, dual power with Petrograd Soviet

Question 15

Mistakes of Provisional Government

Answer 15

Continued WWI, delayed land reform, didn’t call elections

Question 16

Role of Lenin

Answer 16

April Theses (April 1917) – “Peace, Land, Bread” & “All Power to the Soviets”

Question 17

Kornilov Affair

Answer 17

Aug 1917 – Failed coup, Bolsheviks armed to stop it

Question 18

October Revolution

Answer 18

25 Oct 1917 (Julian) – Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd with little resistance

Question 19

Bolshevik decrees

Answer 19

Decree on Land (land to peasants), Decree on Peace (end WWI), workers control factories

Question 20

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 20

March 1918 – Peace with Germany, lost 1/3 of land

Question 21

Reds vs Whites

Answer 21

Reds = Bolsheviks; Whites = anti-Bolsheviks (Tsarists, foreign powers, SRs)

Question 22

Why Reds won

Answer 22

Trotsky’s leadership, unity, control of key cities, White disunity

Question 23

Result of Civil War

Answer 23

Bolsheviks remain in power, Russia devastated

Question 24

Key features

Answer 24

Grain requisitioning, banned private trade, nationalised industry

Question 25

Effects of War Communism

Answer 25

Famine, uprisings (e.g. Kronstadt 1921), economy collapsed

Question 26

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Answer 26

Introduced 1921 – allowed small businesses, private trade, ended grain seizures

Question 27

Impact of NEP

Answer 27

Economy recovered, "NEPmen" emerged, opposition from Communists

Question 28

Lenin’s death

Answer 28

Died Jan 1924 – power struggle followed between Stalin and Trotsky