Russian Leadership and Government (Tsars) Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the definition of autocracy?
One person, ordained by God, who has absolute rule/power
Give one reason why Alexander II began his reforms.
- Peasant unrest
- Failure of the Crimean War
- Fix military organisation
- Economic inefficiency
- “Reform from above not from below”
- Serfdom was Immoral
Name two central government institutions before 1905
- Personal Chancellory of Imperial Majesty
- Imperial Council of State
- Senate
- Council of Ministers
- Committee of Ministers
Which Influential civil servant promoted to Alexander II and III that ‘a liberal democracy and constitutional government would have been disastrous for Russia’?
Popedonostsev
Give 2 areas of reform that Alexander II introduced
- Education
- Judicial
- Zemstva
- Censorship
- Military
- Economic
- Finance
What decree diluted the effect of the October Manifesto?
Fundamental Laws of 1906
What was the name of the more representative form of government that was introduced by Nicholas II?
Duma
Name the oppositionist group that were ruthlessly suppressed by Alexander III?
People’s Will
How many Parliaments were created and often dissolved between April 1906 and February 1917?
4
Who under Nicholas II ensured that dissenters were treated severely?
Stolypin
Explain the emergence of the Progressive Bloc
After the dissolvement of the 4th Duma - few that opposed Russia going to War
Who was left in charge of Russia whilst Tsar Nicholas II went to war?
Alexandria and Rasputin
What were the names of the regional councils that Alexander II introduced?
Zemstva
What was the name of the urban equivalent?
Duma
Give three fields that the Duma was responsible for
Education, public health and transport
From 1881 who monitored the activities of the regional councils
Land Captains
What was the name of the secret police under the Tsars that replaced the Third Section?
Okhrana
What was the term used for censorship under Alexander II and Nicholas II?
Glasnost
What term is used to describe Alexander III’s attitude to censorship
Reactionary
What is the name of the main opposition group to Alexander II
Populists
Which group assassinated Alexander II
People’s Will
Who were the Socialist Revolutionaries?
Populists that were split
What did the Social Democrats split into?
Mensheviks (The Minority)
Bolsheviks (The Majority)
Name two reformist groups that wanted reform to Tsarist rule
- Liberals
- Kadets
- Octoberists
