RVT-Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

Which bronchodilators act to stabilize mast cells and are a mucolytic?

Answer 1

B2 adrenergic agonists-
Terbutaline
Albuterol

Question 2

What are the anticholinergic bronchodilators?

Answer 2

Atropine
Aminopentamide
Glycopyrrolate

Question 3

What is the danger of owners using over the counter decongestants for their pets?

Answer 3

If the pet has any underlying cardiac issues, these drugs can be dangerous due to Beta1 sympathetic receptor stimulation.

Question 4

How do bronchodilators work?

Answer 4

They expand bronchi smooth muscle to allow for easier air passage

Question 5

Which respiratory drugs have a narrow therapeutic range?

Answer 5

Methylxanthines-
Aminophylline
Theophylline
Theobromine

Question 6

What are the side effects of antihistamines?

Answer 6

CNS depression
Dry mouth
Urine retention

Question 7

What 3 drugs are B2 adrenergic agonists?

Answer 7

Terbutaline
Albuterol
Epinephrine
( Think B=Bute)

Question 8

What are the causes of bronchoconstriction?

Answer 8

Histamine release binding with receptors at the smooth muscle in lungs causing inflammation
Dilation inhibition caused by other drugs blocking B2 adrenergic receptors
Parasympathetic ach binding increasing resp secretions

Question 9

What are the side effects of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

Answer 9

Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Dry eyes

Question 10

How do decongestants work?

Answer 10

They stimulate the SNS alpha1 receptors causing reduced swelling in sinuses.

Question 11

Which bronchodilator is for life threatening emergencies?

Answer 11

Epinephrine

Question 12

What are the side effects of the methylxanthines?

Answer 12

CNS excitement
Tremors
Ataxia

Question 13

Which drug is used as a CNS stimulant to stimulate breathing?

Answer 13

Doxapram

Question 14

Why should we be careful using decongestants in animals with cardiac concerns?

Answer 14

Some decongestants can affect Beta1 receptors as well as the Alpha1 receptors

Question 15

What 2 drugs are decongestants?

Answer 15

Phenylephrine

Pseudonephrine

Question 16

How do anticholinergic bronchodilators work?

Answer 16

They bind to ach receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction.

- they block the PSNS nerve reflexes that cause the airways to constrict= they remain open

Question 17

How do the B2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators work?

Answer 17

Stimulate the B2 receptors

-relaxes bronchiole smooth muscle causing them to dilate

Question 18

What modes of administration ate terbutaline and AlbuterolW available in?

Answer 18

Tablets and inhalers

Question 19

What drugs are in the methylxanthine class?

Answer 19

Theobromine
Aminophylline
Theophylline

Question 20

Which drugs would be used for allergic reactions that affect the lungs?

Answer 20

Antihistamines-
Diphenhydramine
Chlorphenarimine

Question 21

Which reversal agent works only for a short time and may need additional dosing?

Answer 21

Naloxone

Question 22

Which respiratory stimulant is used to reverse xylazine?

Answer 22

Yohimbine

Question 23

What are the side effects of Yohimbine?

Answer 23

CNS stimulation

Muscle tremors

Question 24

What are the two ways to suppress a non-productive cough?

Answer 24

Centrally acting

Local

Question 25

In cases of tracheitis or tracheobronchitis, which class of drugs may be used?

Answer 25

Antitussives

Question 26

What are the two types ( subheadings) of Antitussives available?

Answer 26

Controlled | Non-controlled

Question 27

What side effects does atropine have?

Answer 27

``` Dry mouth Dry Eyes Tachycardia Vomiting Constipation Urinary retention ```

Question 28

What are the two classes of bronchodilators?

Answer 28

Anticholinergics | B2 Adrenergic agonists

Question 29

What are some alternate methods we can suggest for treatment of pets with congestion?

Answer 29

Cool air vaporizers Warm compresses Saline solution drops

Question 30

Besides being an expectorant, what is guafenesin used for?

Answer 30

Muscle relaxant in horses

Question 31

Which drug is used for emergency treatment for feline asthma?

Answer 31

Terbutaline

Question 32

Which class of respiratory drugs work by inhibiting an enzyme that promotes bronchoconstriction?

Answer 32

Methylxanthines

Question 33

How do antihistamines work?

Answer 33

Histamines are released from mast cells- they bind to receptors on smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction = Antihistamines block the smooth muscle receptors

Question 34

Which respiratory stimulant is used as a reversal agent for opioids?

Answer 34

Naloxone

Question 35

Which Antitussive drugs are controlled?

Answer 35

Morphine Codeine Hydrocodone Butorphanol

Question 36

Which of the controlled Antitussives is the most powerful?

Answer 36

Hydrocodone

Question 37

Which of the controlled Antitussive drugs has the least cardiovascular and respiratory depressive affects?

Answer 37

Butorphanol

Question 38

Which Antitussive drug is a combination of antihistamine and prednisolone?

Answer 38

Trimeprazine ( Vanectyl-P)

Question 39

What are the side effects of trimeprazine?

Answer 39

``` PU/PD Polyphagia Sedation Depression Hypotension ```

Question 40

Which Antitussive drug is not often used in veterinary medicine but is significant as owners may give it at home?

Answer 40

Dextramethoprhan

Question 41

Which of the Antitussives are opioids?

Answer 41

Codeine Morphine Hydrocodone Butorphanol

Question 42

Which reversal drug can be used for the opioid class of Antitussives?

Answer 42

Naloxone

Question 43

What are the common opioid side effects?

Answer 43

Sedation and constipation

Question 44

Which class of drugs will be used to remove mucus that cannot easily be removed by cilia?

Answer 44

Mucolytics and expectorants

Question 45

How do mucolytics work?

Answer 45

Break down the mucus by breaking disulphide bonds....allows mucus to be moved out of resp tract easier

Question 46

Which drug is a mucolytic?

Answer 46

Acetylcysteine

Question 47

How can acetylcysteine be administered?

Answer 47

PO IV Nebulizer

Question 48

Besides being a mucolytic, what else can acetylcysteine be used for in cats?

Answer 48

Used to treat acetaminophen toxicity in cats

Question 49

Which medication could be used on a productive cough?

Answer 49

Guafenesin - makes the mucus easier to cough out

Question 50

What kind of drug is guafenesin?

Answer 50

Expectorant

Question 51

Which medication is used to keep dry, irritated tissues moist?

Answer 51

Guafenesin

Question 52

Does the use of an expectorant increase or decrease muco content?

Answer 52

Increases - waters it down so easier to bring up

Question 53

Which drugs are used to treat feline asthma?

Answer 53

``` Diphenhydramine/Chlorphenarimine Aminophyline Terbuterol Albuteral (Remember DATA) ```