RX 260 Flashcards
(33 cards)
- Symptoms of menopause
- Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (polyp due to pro-estrogen effect in endometrium…weird)
Tamoxifen ADRs
Metronidazole ADRs (below diaphragm while Clinda is above)
- Rash, UTICARIA, YELLOW discoloration of the skin
- OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE
- N/V, dizziness, HA
Vancomycin ADRs
- “Red man syndrome”
- PHELBITIS
- Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Ceftriaxone ADRs
-Elevated liver enzymes
-Pseudomembranous colitis
-Nephrotoxicity
(Hypersensitivity rxns, diarrhea, nausea)
Albuminocytologic dissociation (elevated protein, normal WBC count)
-Characteristic of GUILLAIN-BARRE syndrome
Stages of Shock: Class II
Blood loss: 15-30%
HR: Increased
BP: Normal
CNS symptoms: Anxious
Stages of Shock: Class IV
Blood loss: >40%
HR: Increased
BP: Decreased
CNS symptoms: Lethargic
Stages of Shock: Class III
Blood loss: 30-40%
HR: Increased
BP: Decreased
CNS symptoms: Confused
- Tachycardia one of earliest symptoms
- Sympathetic activation: vasoconstriction, cool mottled skin, hypothermia, acidosis, and diversion of blood from organs (like kidneys)
Hemorrhagic shock
Parinaud syndrome
- Pressure on pretectal region of midbrain
- Vertical gaze and pupil abnormalities
Enlarged adenoids and Morning headaches…
Sleep apnea in children
Pineoblastomas
- ICP due to OBSTUCTION OF CSF FLOW (main presenting symptom)
- May produce excess melatonin
- Pineal mass btw thalamic bodies
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Insulin deficiency and increase in glucagon
- Liver generates ketones
- Hyperglycemia osmotic diuresis→volume depletion→POLYDIPSIA and POLYURIA
- Hyperkalemia slash overall total body K+ deficit
Pseudohyponatremia
- Serum sodium is low but urine excretion of Na+ not increased
- Ex: Hyperglycemia→osmotic shift that pulls fluid from cells into the blood stream→Increase in fluid makes serum Na+ seem low but it really is the same
Clozapine (atypical) MOA and ADR (4)
- Blocks 5-HT and dopamine receptors
- AGRANULOCYTOSIS→severe reduction in WBC (WEEKLY blood monitoring for WBC count)
- Weight GAIN
- Seizures
- QT prolongation
Fluphenazine (typical) ADR
- Extrapyramidal
- Hyerprolactinemia and galactorrhea
- Anti-muscarinic effects (dry mouth, etc)
- QT PROLONGATION
- Galactorrhea (increased prolactin) → unique from other Atypicals
- FERTILITY problems (dysregulation of LH and FSH)
Risperidone (atypical) ADR
Meniere Disease Triad: (idiopathic disorder)
1) Low-frequency Sensorineural hearing loss (progressive)
2) Vertigo
3) Tinnitus
Aural fullness also
Malfunction of endolymphatic sac→filtration and excretion of endolymph
30-60 year olds with episodes of vertigo that last for hours
Increase in the volume (increased production or decreased excretion of endolymph) of the endolymphatic system (hydrops)
Fluid contained in membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
*Malfunction of endolymphatic sac→filtration and excretion of endolymph
Meniere Disease Causes
BBPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
- Vertiginous symptoms (last seconds)
- Freely moving crystals of calcium carbonate w/in semicircular canals
1) Low-frequency Sensorineural hearing loss (progressive)
2) Vertigo
3) Tinnitus
Aural fullness also
Malfunction of endolymphatic sac→filtration and excretion of endolymph
Meniere Disease Triad: (idiopathic disorder)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII) damage
- SENSORINEURAL hearing loss (may have equilibrium disturbances)
- Hearing loss in HIGH-FREQUENCY RANGE
- Problems with speech discrimination
Presbycusis
- Age related hearing loss
- HIGH-FREQUENCY HEARING LOSS
Primary stimulus for insulin secretion (and others)
Hyperglycemia
Others: increase in FA or AA in blood, cortisol, GH, Gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide
