S1 SCI CHAP 6 CELLS Flashcards
What are cells?
Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
Name up to 5 different types of cells.
Nerve cell, skin cell, bone cell, fat cell, muscle cell.
What parts of cell can be seen under a light microscope?
Cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts, nucleus.
What parts of cell can be seen under a electron microscope?
smaller organelles such as mitochondria.
Name the parts of a typical animal cell.
Vacuole, Cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondrion.
Name the parts of a typical plant cell.
Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondrion.
What instrument can be used to observe typical plant and animal cells?
A microscope.
Why should a coverslip be placed over a fresh specimen?
To prevent the iodine solution from touching the microscope lens
Which structures are found in typical plant cells but not typical animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplast
What is the nucleus and what is its function?
The nucleus is the centre that controls all cell activities. It contains DNA. the genetic material passed down from parents to offspring.
What is the vacuole (animal cell) and what is its function?
The vacuole is a space within a cell. It stores liquids, food and waste materials. They are found small in size and in numerous amounts the cell.
What is the cytoplasm and what is its function?
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills a cell. It is the site where most chemical reactions occur.
What is the chloroplast and what is its function?
Th chloroplast is the “food factory”. It contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.
What is the cell membrane and what is its function?
The cell membrane is a thin outer layer that surrounds a cell. It is partially permeable and controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell.
What is a mitochondrion and what is its function?
Mitochondrion is the site of aerobic respiration. It releases energy by oxidising food (glucose)
What is the cell wall and what is its function?
The cell wall is the tough covering that protects and supports the cell. It is rigid and gives the cell its shape. It is fully permeable, and allows all substances to pass through.
What is the vacuole (plant cell) and what is its function?
The vacuole is a space within a cell. It stores liquids, food and waste materials. They are found large in size and in few amounts in the cell.
What is a ribosome and what is its function?
Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis. It lies freely in cytoplasm, or attached to membrane bound organelle.
Describe the sequence of steps to adjust the light microscope to view a specimen.
1. Secure the microscope slide containing the specimen on the stage.
2. Select the objective lens with the lowest power.
3. Adjust the iris diaphragm t control the amount of light falling onto the specimen.
4. Turn the coarse adjustment knob.
5. Turn the fine adjustment knob.
How is a specialised cell formed?
A stem cell will become a specialised cell through a process called differentiation. Some examples are red blood cells, muscle cells, and root hair cells.
Explain the function, structure, and adaptations of the muscle cell.
A muscle cell functions to contract and relax to bring about movement. The cell adapts to its function in 2 ways. Firstly, The cell contains many mitochondria. It helps to release energy for contraction of muscle. Moreover, The cell contains many protein fibres to contract and relax for movement to occur.
Explain the function, and adaptations of the red blood cell.
A red blood cell functions to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. The red blood cell adapts to its function in three ways. Firstly, the cell contains haemoglobin. Haemoglobin binds reversibly to oxygen, allowing oxygen to be transported from the lungs to all parts of the body. Secondly, the cell does not contain a nucleus, maximising space to carry more haemoglobin and hence, carry more oxygen. Furthermore, The cell has a circular, bioconcave shape, which increases surface area to volume ratio, increasing the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the cell.
Explain the function, structure, and adaptations of the root hair cell.
The root hair cell functions to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil into the roots. It had adapted to its function by having a long and narrow protrusion, which increases the surface area to volume ratio, increasing the rate of absorption of water and dissolved mineral salts into cell.
What are typical animal and plant cells are known as?
Typical animal and plant cells are known as models.
