s10-finals-Interceptive orthodontics

Question 1

What is the primary goal of interceptive orthodontics?

Answer 1

To recognize and correct developing irregularities in the dentofacial complex.

Question 2

How does preventive orthodontics differ from interceptive orthodontics?

Answer 2

Preventive aims to avoid malocclusions, while interceptive addresses existing developing issues.

Question 3

What is an example of preventive orthodontics?

Answer 3

Use of space maintainers after premature tooth loss.

Question 4

What are the two most common etiologies of thumb sucking?

Answer 4

Physiological needs and emotional stress.

Question 5

At what age does thumb sucking transition from “normal” to “potentially harmful”?

Answer 5

After age 4–5 (permanent dentition development begins).

Question 6

What malocclusion is caused by prolonged thumb sucking?

Answer 6

Anterior open bite, proclined maxillary incisors, and narrow palate.

Question 7

What is the first-line treatment for thumb sucking in a 4-year-old?

Answer 7

Positive reinforcement/reminder therapy (e.g., reward chart).

Question 8

When is an intraoral appliance indicated for thumb sucking?

Answer 8

When the habit persists beyond age 5–6 with significant malocclusion.

Question 9

What appliance is used for severe thumb sucking habits?

Answer 9

Palatal crib or Bluegrass appliance.

Question 10

How does bruxism differ from normal chewing?

Answer 10

It is non-functional grinding, typically during sleep.

Question 11

What are three possible causes of bruxism in children?

Answer 11

Cuspal interference, emotional stress, or parasites.

Question 12

What is the primary treatment for bruxism in primary molars?

Answer 12

Stainless steel crowns to restore vertical dimension.

Question 13

What is the role of a night guard in bruxism?

Answer 13

To prevent tooth attrition and TMJ strain.

Question 14

What are two dental effects of chronic mouth breathing?

Answer 14

Proclined upper incisors and high arched palate.

Question 15

What type of appliance treats habitual mouth breathing?

Answer 15

Passive oral screen.

Question 16

How does lip biting affect incisor positioning?

Answer 16

Causes retroclination of lower incisors and proclination of uppers.

Question 17

What appliance is used for lip biting correction?

Answer 17

Lip bumper or oral screen.

Question 18

What is the most common cause of tongue thrusting in children?

Answer 18

Persistence of infantile swallowing pattern.

Question 19

How does tongue thrusting impact speech?

Answer 19

May cause lisping due to abnormal tongue positioning.

Question 20

What is the treatment for tongue thrusting with proclined incisors?

Answer 20

Tongue guard + orthodontic correction.

Question 21

What defines a posterior crossbite?

Answer 21

Abnormal buccal-lingual relationship of molars/premolars in centric occlusion.

Question 22

What is the most common cause of unilateral posterior crossbite?

Answer 22

Mandibular shift due to occlusal interference.

Question 23

How is a mild posterior crossbite corrected in mixed dentition?

Answer 23

Maxillary expansion (e.g., W-arch or quad helix).

Question 24

What is the key diagnostic feature of a functional crossbite?

Answer 24

Normal occlusion in rest position but crossbite on closure.

Question 25

What is the simplest treatment for anterior crossbite with adequate space?

Answer 25

Tongue blade therapy (1–2 hours/day for 2 weeks).

Question 26

What appliance is used for anterior crossbite correction with insufficient space?

Answer 26

Fixed 2×4 appliance (brackets on incisors + molar bands).

Question 27

What is the main complication of over-retained primary teeth?

Answer 27

Deflected eruption path leading to crowding or crossbite.

Question 28

How are over-retained primary mandibular incisors managed?

Answer 28

Extraction; space allows self-correction via lip/cheek pressure.

Question 29

Where are supernumerary teeth most commonly found?

Answer 29

Anterior maxilla (mesiodens between central incisors).

Question 30

What complication can a mesiodens cause to permanent incisors?

Answer 30

Impaction, root dilaceration, or resorption.

Question 31

Why is extraction of unerupted supernumeraries avoided in primary dentition?

Answer 31

Risk of damaging developing permanent tooth buds.

Question 32

What is the follow-up protocol after supernumerary removal in mixed dentition?

Answer 32

Clinical/radiographic review at 6 months.

Question 33

How is a superficially located impacted incisor treated?

Answer 33

Soft tissue excision for rapid eruption.

Question 34

What is done for a deeply impacted incisor with adequate space?

Answer 34

Apically repositioned flap + orthodontic extrusion.

Question 35

What is the first-line treatment for ankylosed primary molars with successors?

Answer 35

Monitor for exfoliation; extract if severe infraocclusion.

Question 36

When should ankylosed primary teeth without successors be extracted?

Answer 36

Before severe vertical bone loss occurs.

Question 37

What is the most common site for ectopic eruption of permanent teeth?

Answer 37

Maxillary first molars (resorbing primary second molars).

Question 38

What percentage of ectopic molars self-correct?

Answer 38

~66% (two-thirds of cases).

Question 39

What is the simplest treatment for mild ectopic molar eruption?

Answer 39

Brass wire separator tightened every 2 weeks.

Question 40

What appliance guides ectopic molars into position?

Answer 40

Gingivally overextended band on primary second molar.

Question 41

What is the Kesling spring used for?

Answer 41

Correcting ectopically erupting molars (0.022" stainless steel).

Question 42

What is the key indication for serial extraction?

Answer 42

Severe crowding (>10mm discrepancy per arch).

Question 43

What is the first step in Dewel’s serial extraction protocol?

Answer 43

Extract primary canines at age 8–9 for incisor alignment.

Question 44

When are primary first molars extracted in serial extraction?

Answer 44

10–12 months after primary canine removal.

Question 45

What is the modified Dewel’s method?

Answer 45

Enucleation of first premolar germ with primary molar extraction.

Question 46

What space management is needed after premature loss of a primary molar?

Answer 46

Space maintainer (band-and-loop or lingual arch).

Question 47

How is ≤3mm localized space loss treated in the maxilla?

Answer 47

Removable appliance with helical finger spring.

Question 48

Why are removable appliances less effective in the mandible?

Answer 48

Lack of palatal anchorage; lower patient compliance.

Question 49

What appliance is used for unilateral mandibular space regaining?

Answer 49

Lingual arch with coil spring on segmental wire.

Question 50

When is slicing of primary canines indicated?

Answer 50

Mild crowding (≤2mm), but not for rotated incisors.

Question 51

What is the role of a lingual arch in moderate crowding?

Answer 51

Preserves leeway space before primary molar exfoliation.

Question 52

How is Class III maxillary deficiency managed in early mixed dentition?

Answer 52

Maxillary protraction (facemask) before adolescence.

Question 53

When is Class II skeletal correction typically initiated?

Answer 53

Late mixed/early permanent dentition (near adolescence).