s10 - Trauma Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is the most common age group for dental trauma in children?
8-12 years old.
What is the gender predilection for dental trauma in children?
Male-to-female ratio is 3:1.
What is the most common cause of dental trauma in primary dentition?
Accidental falls (80-90%).
Which teeth are most commonly affected by dental trauma?
Maxillary central incisors (both primary and permanent dentition).
What occlusal factors predispose children to dental trauma?
Class II div 1, increased overjet (>9 mm), lip incompetence.
What dental factors increase the risk of dental trauma?
Caries, RCT, enamel defects (e.g., amelogenesis imperfecta).
What systemic conditions predispose children to dental trauma?
Neurological disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, epilepsy).
What is the “ugly duckling stage,” and how does it relate to dental trauma?
A transitional phase in mixed dentition where incisors are flared, increasing risk of trauma.
What is pulpal hyperemia, and how does it present clinically?
Congestion of blood vessels in the pulp, causing a reddish color compared to adjacent teeth.
What is the fate of a tooth with pulpal hyperemia?
It may resolve or progress to pulp necrosis.
What causes internal hemorrhage in a traumatized tooth?
Increased pulpal pressure leading to capillary rupture and RBC escape.
What is the clinical significance of internal hemorrhage?
It can cause temporary or permanent discoloration of the tooth.
What is pulp calcification, and how does it appear clinically?
A rapid repair response where the pulp is replaced by calcified tissue, appearing opaque yellow.
What is internal resorption, and how is it diagnosed?
A destructive process caused by odontoclastic activity, seen as a “pink spot” or radiographically in the pulp chamber.
What is the treatment for internal resorption?
Pulp extirpation and placement of Ca(OH)₂ to stop resorption.
What are the key components of history-taking for dental trauma?
Personal history, medical history, dental history, and trauma history.
Why is the time elapsed since trauma important in diagnosis?
Shorter time between trauma and treatment improves prognosis (e.g., avulsion, pulp exposure).
What should be suspected if a child’s clinical findings don’t match the history?
Child abuse.
What does a hematoma in the floor of the mouth indicate?
Mandibular fracture.
What is the significance of tooth mobility in dental trauma?
Mobility of two or more teeth suggests an alveolar fracture.
How is a non-vital tooth identified clinically?
Discoloration (gray, brown, or black) and lack of response to sensitivity tests.
What does a lower reading on an electric pulp tester indicate?
Pulp hyperemia or pulpitis.
What is the treatment for an uncomplicated crown fracture (Ellis Class I)?
No treatment needed unless sharp edges are smoothed or fluoride is applied.
What is the emergency treatment for a crown fracture with exposed dentin?
Cover exposed dentin with calcium hydroxide and a protective composite resin.
