s1q1 Flashcards
encomienda system
The encomienda system was a system in colonial America where Spanish conquerors were granted the right to use indigenous people for labor and tribute in exchange for protection and conversion to Christianity. It often led to exploitation and abuse of the indigenous population.
asiento system
The Asiento System was a historical arrangement where European countries like Spain and Britain were given special permission to bring enslaved African people to their colonies in the Americas. This system played a big role in the transatlantic slave trade from the 16th to 18th centuries, providing labor for the colonies. It caused a lot of suffering for the enslaved people and had a big impact on the colonies’ economies.
adena-hopewell
Adena and Hopewell were two groups of Native Americans who lived a long time ago in what is now the eastern United States. They built mounds out of dirt for ceremonies and burials. Adena came first, around 1000 BCE, and Hopewell came later, around 200 CE. They both left behind important clues about their lives through the things they built and left behind.
woodland mound builders
various Native American cultures that existed in the eastern and southeastern regions of North America during the Woodland period, which roughly spans from around 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. These cultures are known for their construction of earthen mounds for various purposes, including burials, ceremonies, and habitation. the main ones were Adena and Hopewell
Lakota Sioux
a group of Native American people who are part of the larger Sioux Nation. They are indigenous to the Great Plains region of North America, primarily in what is now the northern United States. The Lakota are known for their rich cultural heritage, history, and close connection to the land.
Mayas
The Maya civilization was an ancient Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in what is now present-day southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. The Maya civilization is renowned for its advanced achievements in areas such as architecture, mathematics, astronomy, hieroglyphic writing, art, and complex societal organization.
Hokokam, Anasazi, and pueblos
Hohokam:
ancient Native Americans in Arizona’s desert who cleverly used water to grow crops. They made complex canals and lived in villages with special mounds and courts.
Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi):
lived in the Four Corners area. They built homes in cliffs and were good farmers. They left art and are related to today’s Pueblo tribes.
Pueblos:
tribes were in modern Native Americans in places like New Mexico and Arizona. They’re connected to the Ancestral Puebloans and live in adobe houses. They do traditional arts, keep languages, and have strong ties to their land.
Conquistadors
Conquistadors were Spanish explorers and soldiers who played a significant role in the colonization and conquest of the Americas during the 15th to 17th centuries. These individuals were part of expeditions sent by the Spanish Crown to explore new territories, expand their empire, and acquire wealth. The term “conquistador” is derived from the Spanish words “conquistar,” meaning “to conquer,” and “dor,” meaning “one who.”
slave trade
The slave trade refers to the historical practice of capturing, transporting, and trading enslaved African people for forced labor in various parts of the world, primarily in the Americas, Europe, and other colonies. It was a brutal and inhumane system that existed from the early 16th to the 19th centuries.
compass
The compass is a navigational instrument used for determining direction relative to the Earth’s magnetic poles. It consists of a magnetized needle or a similar magnetic element that aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field, indicating the cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west.
The compass played a pivotal role in maritime exploration during the Age of Exploration. It allowed sailors to determine their direction at sea, helping them find new trade routes and explore new lands.
Aztecs
The Aztecs were an ancient Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in the Valley of Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century. They are renowned for their complex society, advanced urban planning, intricate art and architecture, and their role in the history of the Americas.
New laws of 1512
The “New Laws of 1542” (also known as the “New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians”) were a set of regulations issued by the Spanish Crown in response to concerns about the mistreatment and exploitation of indigenous people in the Americas, particularly in Spanish colonies.
Roanoke Island
Roanoke Island is a historic island located off the coast of present-day North Carolina in the United States. It is known for its significance in early American colonial history and the mystery surrounding the “Lost Colony.”
Printing Press
The printing press was a revolutionary invention that played a pivotal role in the dissemination of knowledge, information, and culture during the Renaissance and beyond. Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century, the printing press allowed for the mass production of books and other written materials through mechanized processes.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a significant religious and social movement that began in the early 16th century in Europe. It resulted in the division of Western Christianity into various Protestant denominations, distinct from the Roman Catholic Church, and brought about profound changes in religious, political, and cultural spheres.
