S2 Flashcards by rob luna

Which of the following is unpaired during development?
a. Lateral lingual swellings
b. Tuberculum impar
c. Arytenoid swellings
d. Palatine tonsils

b. Tuberculum impar

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Normal value of hemoglobin A1c (hba1c)
a. 5%
b. 6%
c. 7%
d. 8%

a. 5%

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A condition associated with pinkish patches of skin that is insensitive to temperature and pain, due to irreversible nerve damage
a. Guillain-barre syndrome
b. Hansen’s disease
c. Leptospirosis
d. Neurofibromatosis I

b. Hansen’s disease

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When horse serum is injected intravenously into a rabbit again and again into the skin. 2 or 3 weeks later, necrotizing reaction occurs at the site of the second injection. This is known as
a. Prausnitz-Kustner reaction
b. Serum sickness
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Arthus phenomenon

d. Arthus phenomenon

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Miniature benign odontogenic tumor
a. Ameloblastoma
b. Compound odontoma
c. Cherubism
d. Hypodontoma

b. Compound odontoma

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Atelectasis means
a. Dilation of alveoli
b. Collapsed alveoli
c. Dilation of bronchi
d. Collapsed bronchi

b. Collapsed alveoli

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Lymphangioma is most closely related to
a. Hemangioma
b. Angiosarcoma
c. Cystic hygroma
d. Hemangiopericytoma

c. Cystic hygroma

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This is the main class of serum antibodies found in birds, amphibians and reptiles
a. IgG
b. IgY
c. IgA
d. IgM

b. IgY

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It is the most common malignant tumor of childhood and infancy
a. Neuroblastomas
b. Pheochromocytoma
c. Neurofibroma
d. Osteoid Osteoma

a. Neuroblastomas

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A type of infection due to a fungus
a. Histoplasmosis
b. Epidemic typhus
c. Plasmodium
d. Mycobacterium

a. Histoplasmosis

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The 2003 SARS or severe acute respiratory syndrome which became an epidemic is due to what virus?
a. MERs-CoV
b. Coronavirus
c. Ebola virus
d. H1N1

b. Coronavirus

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Aflatoxins are naturally occurring fungal toxins that are commonly found in all of the following, except:
a. Penicillins
b. Aspergillus
c. Dairy products
d. Nuts

a. Penicillins

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Organisms reproducing mainly by spore formation, which elaborate no endotoxin and grow on Sabouraud’s media, are
a. Fungi
b. Rickettsia
c. Bacteria
d. Spirochetes
e. Mycoplasma

a. Fungi

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An immune system disorder characterized by erythematous rashes on the malar process and the bridge of the nose
a. Discoid lupus
b. Systemic lupus
c. Erythema multiforme
d. Kaposi’s sarcoma

b. Systemic lupus

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It is a benign tumor of the minor salivary gland that is almost exclusively seen in the oral cavity. Histologically, it presents a bilayered appearing strands and cords of epithelial cells.
a. Canalicular adenoma
b. Oncocytoma
c. Basal cell adenoma
d. Myoepithelioma

a. Canalicular adenoma

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In sickle cell anemia, the globin portion of the molecule is abnormal due to the amino acid valine being substituted for which of the following amino acids?
a. Glutamine
b. Glutamic acid
c. Aspartic acid
d. Glycine

b. Glutamic acid

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It is a small molecule that can react with antibodies but are not immunogenic
a. Antigens
b. Antiserum
c. Hapten
d. Epitope

c. Hapten

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A cellular accessory not commonly found in prokaryotes

a. Pili
b. Fimbriae
c. Microvilli
d. Flagella

c. Microvilli

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Diagnostic test for syphilis
a. PCR test
b. FTA-ABS test
c. Sequencing test
d. All of the above

b. FTA-ABS test

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Shock during infection with gram-negative bacteria is most likely caused by:
a. An exotoxin
b. An endotoxin
c. Ribonuclease
d. A capsular antigen
e. A flagellar antigen

b. An endotoxin

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The _____ differentiates into ameloblasts.
a. Stellate reticulum
b. Inner enamel epithelium in the cap stage
c. Inner enamel epithelium in the bell stage
d. Outer enamel epithelium in the cap stage
e. Outer enamel epithelium in the bell stage

c. Inner enamel epithelium in the bell stage

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The neural tube starts to form around how many days after fertilization?
a. 10 days
b. 20 days
c. 35 days
d. 55 days

b. 20 days

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All are characteristics of fungus except one. Which is it?
a. Dimorphic
b. Prokaryotic
c. Septated
d. Sporulate

b. Prokaryotic

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Inadequate immobilization of fractured bone will lead to
a. Pseudoarthritis
b. Osteoarthritis
c. Non-union
d. Ankylosis

c. Non-union

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On microscopic examination of an aspirated fluid of an abscess reveals that it is composed of necrotic debris and numerous dead neutrophils. It is indicative of a. Suppurative inflammation b. Ulcer c. Fibrinoid inflammation d. Serous inflammation

a. Suppurative inflammation

Which of the following is a demyelinating disease of the CNS? a. Multiple sclerosis b. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease c. Alzheimer’s disease d. Parkinson’s diseases

a. Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following prevents cracking of enamel during mastication? a. Hunter-Schreger b. Enamel spindle c. Enamel rods d. Mamelons

a. Hunter-Schreger

All of the following are characteristics of chronic inflammation, except: a. Presence of granuloma b. The tissue attempts to heal itself c. There is tissue destruction d. PMN cells are predominant

d. PMN cells are predominant

HAART means?

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

When a thrombotic embolus originates in a femoral vein, it usually becomes arrested in the a. Right part of the heart b. Renal circulation c. Portal circulation d. Hepatic circulation e. Pulmonary circulation

e. Pulmonary circulation

Bacteria uses this enzyme to convert plasminogen to plasmin a. Coagulase b. Streptokinase c. Protein A d. M Protein

b. Streptokinase

The following are mesenchymal in origin, except: a. Fibrosarcoma b. Chondroma c. Polyps d. Liposarcoma

c. Polyps

Paralysis of the tongue is called a. Glossoplegia b. Dysgrassia c. Glossoptosis d. Pyroglossia

a. Glossoplegia

(+) Heterophil Antibody Test a. Epstein barr virus b. Influenza virus c. Herpes Simplex Virus d. Varicella Zoster Virus

a. Epstein barr virus

This is the remnant of the umbilical vein a. Ligamentum venosum b. Ligamentum umbilicum c. Ligamentum arteriosus d. Ligamentum teres

d. Ligamentum teres

A patient with scarlet fever (commonly due to s.pyogenes) must be treated with antibiotics in order to prevent what complication? a. Rheumatic fever b. Pharyngeal edema c. Raspberry tongue d. Congestive heart failure

a. Rheumatic fever

Oral mucosal ulcerations caused by cancer therapeutic drugs is usually due to: a. Leukocytosis b. Agranulocytosis c. Thrombocytopenia d. Neutropenia

d. Neutropenia

Esophageal bleeding is commonly associated in which of the following diseases? a. Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome b. Mallory-weiss syndrome c. Kimmelstiel-wilson syndrome d. Sturge-weber syndrome

b. Mallory-weiss syndrome

A type of bacterial infection that is associated with lysogenic virus that may be responsible for toxin production a. Syphilis b. Diphtheria c. Gonorrhea d. Candidiasis

b. Diphtheria

Koplik’s spots on the buccal mucosa are pathognomonic for ______ a. Rubeola b. Rubella c. Roseola infantum d. Varicella

a. Rubeola

It is the most common type of leukemia present in children. a. Chronic myelogenous b. Chronic lymphocytic c. Acute myelogenous d. Acute lymphocytic

d. Acute lymphocytic

During bud stage, the main process involved is proliferation. During bell stage the main processes involved are histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation. a. The first statement is true. The second statement is false b. The first statement is false. The second statement is true c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false

c. Both statements are true

Which of the following is not associated with latent infections? a. Cytomegalovirus b. Varicella zoster c. Herpes simplex virus type 1 d. Poliovirus

d. Poliovirus

Anorexia affects what organ? a. Kidney b. Brain c. Heart d. Liver

b. Brain

Night blindness is an early sign of a. Retinol deficiency b. Glaucoma c. Astigmatism d. Amblyopia

a. Retinol deficiency

All of the following are types of hepatitis. Which of the following is usually obtained from food and water? a. Hepatitis A b. Hepatitis B c. Hepatitis C d. Hepatitis D

a. Hepatitis A

This is the virus that causes hand-foot-mouth disease a. Herpesviridae b. Coxsackie virus c. Chicken pox virus d. Rubeola

b. Coxsackie virus

Which of the following is true about the enamel prisms or enamel rods? a. Tomes’ fibers dictate the shape of the enamel rod b. Enamel rods are not bound by interprismatic substance. c. They are oriented perpendicular to the external surface d. Each enamel rod is formed by multiple ameloblasts.

c. They are oriented perpendicular to the external surface

Megaloblastic anemia a. Normochromic and macrocytic b. Hypochromic and microcytic c. Hyperchromic and macrocytic d. Normocytic and normochromic

a. Normochromic and macrocytic

The chemical constituents of bacteria and viruses which are most sensitive to ultraviolet radiation are _____ a. Nucleic acids b. Lipids c. Proteins d. Carbohydrates

a. Nucleic acids

A neoplasm composed of either blood vessels or lymph vessels is known as _____ a. Hematoma b. Lymphosarcoma c. Angioma d. Blue nevus

c. Angioma

A patient who has had an embolus to the middle cerebral artery will most commonly result to which of the following types of necrosis? a. Gangrenous b. Liquefaction c. Coagulation d. Caseous

b. Liquefaction

An embryonic structure which serves as a precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland a. Oropharyngeal membrane b. Stomatodeum c. Frontal prominence d. Ectoneural pouch

b. Stomatodeum

Among cancers of the following organs, which has the highest chance to metastasize to bone? a. Brain cancers b. Adrenal gland cancers c. Tongue and palate cancers d. Prostate and breast cancers

d. Prostate and breast cancers

A disease with a low incidence of infection which is constantly present in a given community is a. Endemic b. Epidemic c. Pandemic d. Epizootic

a. Endemic

Oat cell carcinoma is most commonly seen in what organ? a. Brain b. Bone c. Lungs d. Skin

c. Lungs

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath is derived from which of the following? a. Inner dental epithelium and stellate reticulum b. Inner dental epithelium and stratum intermedium c. Outer dental epithelium and stellate reticulum d. Outer dental epithelium and stratum intermedium e. Inner dental epithelium and outer dental epithelium

e. Inner dental epithelium and outer dental epithelium

Hyphae are filaments made up of fungi cells. The 3 types of Hyphae are Septate, Aseptate and Pseudohyphae a. The first statement is true and the second statement is false. b. The first statement is false and the second statement is true. c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false

c. Both statements are true

Sublingual gland is a gland that is anatomically located between the a. Genioglossus muscle and medial surface of the mandible b. Hyoglossus muscle and palatoglossus muscle c. Hyoglossus muscle and geniohyoid muscle d. Geniohyoid muscle and genioglossus muscle

a. Genioglossus muscle and medial surface of the mandible

Sutton’s disease is associated with which of the following? a. Herpes labialis b. Recurrent apthous stomatitis c. Chancre sores d. Chicken pox

b. Recurrent apthous stomatitis

A type of malignancy common in the female genital tract where the cells present a distinct cell membrane, clear cytoplasm and round uniform nuclei. a. Oat cell carcinoma b. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia c. Clear cell carcinoma d. Cervical cancer

c. Clear cell carcinoma

The most common cause of secondary hypertension is a. Pheochromocytoma b. Hypothyroidism c. Kidney disease d. Hyperparathyroidism

c. Kidney disease

Foreign body or masses produced due in the heart valves of patients with bacterial endocarditis are known as ______ a. Vegetation b. Tumor c. Embolus

a. Vegetation

Acetone breath or fruity scent is commonly associated with a. Hypoglycemia b. Hyperglycemia c. Insulin overdose

b. Hyperglycemia

Lethal dose of fluoride for a 70 kg adult a. 60 to 80 mg/kg body weight b. 32 to 64 mg/kg body weight c. 50 to 60 mg/kg body weight d. 30 to 70 mg/kg body weight

b. 32 to 64 mg/kg body weight

Yellowish to whitish spots that are due to enlargement of sebaceous glands in the skin are known as a. Epstein pearls b. Seborrheic dermatitis c. Fordyces granules d. Morsicatio buccarum

c. Fordyces granules

Which of the following is the correct sequence of zygotic cell cleavage? a. zygote, morula, blastula, blastomere b. morula, zygote,blastula,blastomere c. blastula, blastomere, morula, zygote d. zygote, blastomere, morula, blastula e. blastula, morula, blastomere, zygote

d. zygote, blastomere, morula, blastula

GvHD or Graft-versus-host-disease a. Presence of gram (-) bacteria in graft b. Presence of gram (-) bacteria on graft and recipient c. Donor and recipient synergism d. Presence of lymphoid cells in the graft

d. Presence of lymphoid cells in the graft

Which of the following viruses become dormant in the salivary glands? a. Herpes simplex b. Varicella zoster c. Rabies d. Cytomegalovirus

d. Cytomegalovirus

Dark, fan-shaped structures seen in enamel representing poorly calcified areas that extends from the DEJ. a. Enamel tufts b. Enamel spindles c. Enamel lamellae d. Perikymata

a. Enamel tufts

It is a process in which the cell uses lysosomes to dispose excess or nonfunctioning organelles or membranes. a. Autophagy b. Apoptosis c. Pyroptosis d. Autolysis

a. Autophagy

Lesion that diminishes during stretch test a. Lichen planus b. Leukoedema c. Leukoplakia d. Candidiasis

b. Leukoedema

Which is not a neurological disorder related to sturge-weber syndrome? a. Hemiparesis b. Mental retardation c. Petit mal d. Nevus flammeus

d. Nevus flammeus

Bence Jones proteinuria and hyperglobulinemia is characteristic of? a. Monocytic leukemia b. Hodgkin’s lymphoma c. Multiple myeloma d. Paget’s disease

c. Multiple myeloma

Prolonged antibiotic therapy may predispose an individual to develop an infection due to which microorganism? a. Fusobacterium b. Candida c. Treponema d. Actinomyces

b. Candida

A type of hypersensitivity characterized by small molecules binding to cell-surfaces producing modified structures that is perceived by the immune system as antigens, resulting to destruction of that cell after an immune response. a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. Type IV

b. Type II

A rare autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves in which antibodies form against nicotinic receptors at the myoneural junction. a. Myasthenia gravis b. Myelofibrosis c. Multiple sclerosis d. Grave’s disease

a. Myasthenia gravis

The most common causative agent of tonsillitis a. Staphylococcus b. Streptococcus c. Pseudomonas d. Mycobacterium

b. Streptococcus

Which of the following is the nerve of the third branchial arch? a. Facial Nerve b. Trigeminal Nerve c. Vagus d. Glossopharyngeal

d. Glossopharyngeal

The dominant intrahepatic cause of portal hypertension is? a. Obstructive thrombosis b. Severe Right-sided CHF c. Cirrhosis d. Pericarditis

c. Cirrhosis

At what week does the tongue begins to develop? a. 4th week b. 5th week c. 6th week d. 7th week e. 3rd week

a. 4th week

Which of the following is true about nephrotic and nephritic syndrome? a. Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of a lot of protein, whereas nephritic syndrome involves the loss of a lot of blood. b. Nephrotic syndrome is more commonly associated with edema than nephritic syndrome. c. Hematuria is eminent in nephritic syndrome d. All of the above are true e. None of the above is true

d. All of the above are true

What is the most probably diagnosis of a lesion that presents as a translucent, bluish, well-rounded, smooth-surfaced bulged that protrudes from one side of the floor of the mouth? a. Adenoid carcinoma b. SCC c. Lymphangioma d. Ranula

d. Ranula

Which of the following is not a component Freund’s adjuvant solution? a. Mineral oil b. Formalin c. Dried mycobacterium

b. Formalin

Gustatory sweating is the chief symptom in a. Bell’s palsy b. Meniere’s disease c. Orolingual paresthesia d. Frey syndrome e. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

d. Frey syndrome

Red (hemorrhagic infarcts) are most commonly found in which organ? a. Lung b. Brain c. Spleen d. Kidney

a. Lung

Treatment for xerostomia a. Antibiotic b. Carboxy Methyl cellulose c. Corticosteroids d. Fluoride

b. Carboxy Methyl cellulose

This is a type of cellular adaptation where the indigenous cells are replaced by cells that are better suited to tolerate a specific abnormal environment a. Dysplasia b. Anaplasia c. Metaplasia d. Hypoplasia

c. Metaplasia

Abscess formation is particularly characteristic of which type of infection? a. Viral b. Staphylococcal c. Streptococcal d. Rickettsial

b. Staphylococcal

Which of the following diseases presents café-au-lait spots? a. Jaffe-Lischtenstein b. Multiple Myeloma c. Paget’ disease of the bone d. Von recklinghausen’s disease of the skin

d. Von recklinghausen’s disease of the skin

Kaposi’s sarcoma commonly appears as _________ overgrowth of tissue. a. Purple b. White c. Yellow d. Green

a. Purple

Which of the following is true about intertubular dentin a. It is more mineralized than peritubular dentin b. It is less mineralized than peritubular dentin c. Intertubular and peritubular dentin has the same amounts of minerals

b. It is less mineralized than peritubular dentin

Poliovirus belongs to what family of viruses? a. Reovirus b. Retrovirus c. Paramyxoviruses d. Picornavirus

d. Picornavirus

Disease transmitted by large droplets secreted from respiratory tract, except a. Myxoviruses b. Influenza virus c. Bordatella pertussis d. Herpes simplex

d. Herpes simplex

A developmental defect characterized by an overgrowth of tissues normal to the organ in which it arises a. Tumor b. Neoplasm c. Teratoma d. Hamartoma

d. Hamartoma

A cigarette-smoking patient notice a gradual onset of progressive, labored breathing characterized by prolonged, expiratory effort. The most likely diagnosis is: a. Bronchopneumonia b. Chronic bronchitis c. Pulmonary emphysema d. Carcinoma of the lung e. Left sided heart failure with pulmonary congestion and edema

c. Pulmonary emphysema

Yellow granules found on the buccal mucosa or on the lips are probably: a. Impetigo b. Bohn’s nodules c. Fordyce spots d. Petechiae

c. Fordyce spots

The class of antibodies first detected in serum after primary immunization a. IgA b. IgG c. IgE d. IgM

d. IgM

Precipitates of salivary glycoproteins that covers the tooth surface a. Plaque b. Enamel Cuticle c. Materia alba d. Pellicle

d. Pellicle

Which of the following is not true? a. Preameloblast came from inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ b. Tooth germ layers are derived from ectoderm c. Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath came from cervical loop of the enamel organ d. None of the above e. All of the above

d. None of the above