S2 RR_5

Question 1

The most common type of nephrolithiasis.

Answer 1

Calcium oxalate

Question 2

A 20-year-old man presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. Ultrasound shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?

Answer 2

Cerebral berry aneurysms (AD PCKD)

Question 3

Hematuria hypertension and oliguria.

Answer 3

Nephritic syndrome

Question 4

Proteinuria hypoalbuminemia hyperlipidemia hyperlipiduria edema.

Answer 4

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 5

The most common form of nephritic syndrome.

Answer 5

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 6

The most common form of glomerulonephritis.

Answer 6

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)

Question 7

Glomerulonephritis with deafness.

Answer 7

Alport’s syndrome

Question 8

Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis.

Answer 8

Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 9

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment.

Answer 9

Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

Question 10

Eosinophils in urine sediment.

Answer 10

Allergic interstitial nephritis

Question 11

Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria).

Answer 11

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

Drowsiness asterixis nausea and a pericardial friction rub.

Answer 12

Uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure

Question 13

A 55-year-old man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment options?

Answer 13

Wait surgical resection radiation and/or androgen suppression

Question 14

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality.

Answer 14

DI

Question 15

Treatment of SIADH?

Answer 15

Fluid restriction demeclocycline

Question 16

Hematuria flank pain and palpable flank mass.

Answer 16

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Question 17

Testicular cancer associated with beta-hCG AFP.

Answer 17

Choriocarcinoma

Question 18

The most common type of testicular cancer.

Answer 18

Seminomaa type of germ cell tumor

Question 19

The most common histology of bladder cancer.

Answer 19

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 20

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia.

Answer 20

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 21

Salicylate ingestion leads to what type of acid-base disorder?

Answer 21

Anion gap acidosis and primary respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation

Question 22

Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women.

Answer 22

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 23

Three systemic diseases leading to nephrotic syndrome.

Answer 23

DM SLE and amyloidosis

Question 24

Elevated erythropoietin level elevated hematocrit and normal O2 saturation suggest?

Answer 24

RCC or other erythropoietin-producing tumor; evaluate with CT scan

Question 25

A 55-year-old man presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Treatment options?

Answer 25

Likely BPH. Options include no treatment terazosin finasteride or surgical intervention (TURP)

Question 26

Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity hyperthermia autonomic instability and extrapyramidal symptoms.

Answer 26

Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

Question 27

Side effects of corticosteroids.

Answer 27

Acute mania immunosuppression thin skin osteoporosis easy bruising myopathies

Question 28

Treatment for DTs.

Answer 28

Benzodiazepines

Question 29

Treatment for acetaminophen overdose.

Answer 29

N-acetylcysteine

Question 30

Treatment for opioid overdose.

Answer 30

Naloxone

Question 31

Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose.

Answer 31

Flumazenil

Question 32

Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Answer 32

Dantrolene or bromocriptine

Question 33

Treatment for malignant hypertension.

Answer 33

Nitroprusside

Question 34

Treatment of AF.

Answer 34

Rate control rhythm conversion and anticoagulation

Question 35

Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

Answer 35

Rate control with carotid massasge or other vagal stimulation

Question 36

Causes of drug-induced SLE.

Answer 36

INH penicillamine hydralazine procainamide

Question 37

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symptoms.

Answer 37

B12 deficiency

Question 38

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms.

Answer 38

Folate deficiency

Question 39

A burn patient presents with cherry-red flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?

Answer 39

Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if severe poisoning or pregnant

Question 40

Blood in the urethral meatus or high-riding prostate.

Answer 40

Bladder rupture or urethral injury

Question 41

Test to rule out urethral injury.

Answer 41

Retrograde cystourethrogram

Question 42

Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection.

Answer 42

Widened mediastinum (> 8 cm) loss of aortic knob pleural cap tracheal deviation to the right depression of left main stem bronchus

Question 43

Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen.

Answer 43

Free air under the diaphragm extravasation of contrast severe bowl distention space-occupying lesion (CT) mesenteric occlusion (angiography)

Question 44

The most common organism in burn-related infections.

Answer 44

Pseudomonas

Question 45

Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients.

Answer 45

Parkland formula

Question 46

Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient.

Answer 46

50 cc/hour

Question 47

Acceptable urine output in a stable patient.

Answer 47

30 cc/hour

Question 48

Cannon a waves.

Answer 48

Third-degree heart block

Question 49

Signs of neurogenic shock.

Answer 49

Hypotension and bradycardia

Question 50

Signs of inc'd ICP (Cushing's triad).

Answer 50

Hypertension bradycardia and abnormal respirations

Question 51

dec'd CO & pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) inc'd peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).

Answer 51

Hypovolemic shock

Question 52

dec'd CO inc'd PCWP & PVR.

Answer 52

Cardiogenic shock

Question 53

inc'd CO & PCWP dec'd PVR.

Answer 53

Septic or anaphylactic shock

Question 54

Treatment of septic shock.

Answer 54

Fluids and antibiotics

Question 55

Treatment of cardiogenic shock.

Answer 55

Identify cause; pressors (e.g. dobutamine)

Question 56

Treatment of hypovolemic shock.

Answer 56

Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion

Question 57

Treatment of anaphylactic shock.

Answer 57

Diphenhydramine or epinephrine 1:1000

Question 58

Supportive treatment for ARDS.

Answer 58

Continuous positive airway pressure

Question 59

Signs of air embolism.

Answer 59

A patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies

Question 60

Trauma series.

Answer 60

AP chest AP/lateral C-spine AP pelvis

Question 61

What is Murphy's Sign? Significance?

Answer 61

Place your hand over RU abdominal quadrant while patient breathes & deep & patient aborts deep breath when liver/gall bladder hit examiner's hand. Means Cholecystitis

Question 62

Dx? | Hypogonadism, Arthropathy, Diabetes, & Hepatomegaly

Answer 62

Hereditary Hemochromatosis - AR disorder 2/2 HFE gene mutation causing inc'd intestinal iron absorption & deposition into multiple organs - Also bronze skin pigmentation - Restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy w/ conduction abnormalities - Inc'd susceptibility to infections w/ Listeria, Vibrio, & Yersinia