S2 The Living Environment

Question 1

What is BIODIVERSITY

Answer 1

It is the variety of all the living things in an area.

Question 2

Give an example of where Biodiversity would be high.

Answer 2

The Rain Forest, the Jungle, the Ocean, as they all have lots of different types of organisms living there.

Question 3

Give an example where Biodiversity would be low.

Answer 3

A field of grass, an area where deforestation has taken place, as there is a small number of living organisms living there.

Question 4

Why is biodiversity important to humans?

Answer 4

Because living things provide us with food, medicines, chemicals which are used ion industry and services such as pollination/ cleaning water. We have to preserve biodiversity so that animals do not become extinct and limit the provisions available.

Question 5

What is a species?

Answer 5

A species is a group of individuals that can reproduce producing fertile offspring.(they can also reproduce)

Question 6

Why is it important to identify different species?

Answer 6

It allows biologists to record and identify new species.

Question 7

Name two ways in which we can identify organisms.

Answer 7

Branched Keys and Paired Statement Keys

Question 8

Can you make a branched key to identify between a daisy, a clover, a dandelion and a blade of grass.

Question 9

Can you go to checkpoint 2 and answer question 3, Checkpoints are on the classroom, this would be good practice for branched keys.

Question 10

Can you go to checkpoint 2 and answer question 4, Checkpoints are on the classroom, this would be good practice for branched keys.

Question 11

Can you go to checkpoint 3 and answer question 1, Checkpoints are on the classroom, this would be good practice for paired statement keys.

Question 12

Can you go to checkpoint 3 and answer question 2, Checkpoints are on the classroom, this would be good practice for paired statement keys.

Question 13

Animals have adaptations in order to help them survive. Name 5 things that they may have to compete for in order to survive.

Answer 13

Food
Shelter
Sunlight
A mate and Water

Question 14

There are three types of adaptation that an animal may undergo, can you name all three?

Answer 14

Structural, physiological and behavioural.

Question 15

Can you give an example of a Structural adaptation?
This is the way an organism looks.

Answer 15

Any form of camouflage(allows them to hide from prey), beak shape(allows them to feed successfully), size and shape of teeth(capture prey), size of ears (small ears minimise heat loss), layer of blubber(keeps them warm in their cold habitats).
Cacti have thick waxy skin (prevents water loss) and long spines (prevent predators eating them)

Question 16

Can you give an example of a Physiological adaptation?
This is a changes that happen to the inside of the body. The physiological adaptations affect internal functions such as breathing, temperature, and chemical mechanisms.

Answer 16

Snakes producing venom helps to paralyze their prey to make it easier for them to digest.
Offensive odour production like skunks spraying to defend against prey.
Breathing underwater.

Question 17

Can you give an example of a Behavioural adaptation? The way an animal behaves.

Answer 17

Hibernation, Migration or forming herds.

Question 18

What is the definition of an ecosystem?

Answer 18

An ecosystem is the place where an organism lives as well as all the organisms. Habitat + Community.

Question 19

What is the definition of a Habitat?

Answer 19

The place where an organism lives.

Question 20

What is the definition of Community?

Answer 20

Community is the different populations of species that live in an area.
All the organisms in the habitat.

Question 21

What is a food chain?

Answer 21

It is the flow of energy in the environment and the energy flow is represented by an arrow. The food chain always starts with a producer.

Question 22

Can you place the following organisms in a food chain in the correct order for a food chain, A) mouse, snake blueberries.
B) Rabbit, Fox, Lion and Grass

Answer 22

A) Blueberries–>mouse–> snake
B) Grass–>rabbit–> fox–> Lion

Question 23

What is a food web?

Answer 23

A food web is when several food chains become interlinked together.

Question 24

Go to checkpoint 5 and complete question 3 for practice on food webs

Question 25

Can you write a word equation for the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Light Energy
Carbon dioxide + Water —————–> Glucose + oxygen
Chlorophyll

Question 26

What is produced during Photosynthesis?

Answer 26

Glucose

Question 27

When Glucose is made by a plant but is not used up by a plant what does the plant store this as?

Answer 27

Starch

Question 28

Why are plants important to life?

Answer 28

Produces Food in the form of Glucose and stored as starch.
Removes Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere.
Produces Oxygen.
Provides Medicines.
Provides building materials.
Provide Habitats.
Part of the water cycle.

Question 29

How can we test for the presence of starch in a plant?

Answer 29

Boil the leaf to kill the cells, add to ethanol and place in a water bath, this removes the chlorophyll, wash the leaf then place on a white tile and add iodine solution. If starch is present then the iodine in the leaf turns blue/ black. If no starch is present the iodine stays brown.

Question 30

What factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 30

Light intensity,
Carbon dioxide levels
Temperature.

Question 31

Name 4 methods of sampling

Answer 31

Quadrats, Pooters, Nets (sweep and pond dipping) and Pitfall traps.

Question 32

Why do biologists sample areas?

Answer 32

They want to find out the types of organisms living there or they may want to estimate the population in that area.

Question 33

If i wanted to sample an area for flying insects what method of sampling would I use?

Answer 33

Sweep nets.

Question 34

If I wanted to sample an area for organisms that don’t move what sampling method would I use?

Answer 34

Quadrats

Question 35

If I wanted to sample a pond for the different types of species what type of sampling would I use?

Answer 35

Pond nets.

Question 36

If I wanted to sample an area for small crawling insects what sampling method would I use?

Answer 36

Pitfal traps

Question 37

What equipment would you use to sample the following?
a)Daisies in a field,
b)Butterflies
c)Woodlice

Answer 37

a) Quadrats
b)Sweep nets
c) Pitfall traps.

Question 38

Name one source of error with a pitfall trap, how would you overcome this?

Answer 38

Trap not being level with the ground just make sure trap is level.
Other animals ate the trapped insects, just make sure that no other animal can get at them by securing the cover.

Question 39

Name one source of error with a quadrat sampling, how would you overcome this?

Answer 39

That the quadrat was not placed randomly enough, use a random generator for coordinates to place the quadrat.

Question 40

As well as water and carbon dioxide plants need three other nutrients can you name them?

Answer 40

N - Nitrogen
P - Phospohorous
K - Potassium

Question 41

Plants get the NPK from the soil, but what if the soil has been depleted of these nutrients. How can the plants get access to them?

Answer 41

From Fertilisers.

Question 42

There are two types of fertilisers can you name them?

Answer 42

Artificially like fertilisers or natural like cow manure.
Fertilisers are chemical fertilisers made by chemists.

Question 43

What is an abiotic factor?

Answer 43

An abiotic factor is a non living factor that affects the environment

Question 44

What is a Biotic factor?

Answer 44

A biotic factor is a living factor that affects the environment

Question 45

Give an example of an abiotic factor

Answer 45

soil pH,
soil moisture,
light intensity,
temperature

Question 46

Give an example of a biotic factor

Answer 46

Grazing