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(3) Pharmacology > S2_L3: NSAIDs > Flashcards

S2_L3: NSAIDs Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: NSAIDs are able to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. It may also inhibit granulocyte adherence to damaged cells.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin is derived from the leaves of the willow tree. Its anti-inflammatory properties is able to stabilize lysosomes that modulates inflammatory responses.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

It is derived from the bark of the willow tree

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cell membranes contain phospholipids that are embedded with arachidonic acid. To release the arachidonic acid, it should be stimulated by the Phospholipase B2

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

C. Only the 1st statement is true

A2*

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4
Q
  1. Uses prostaglandins
  2. For homeostasis
  3. For inflammatory effect

A. Cox-1 Pathway
B. Cox-2 Pathway

A
  1. A & B
  2. A
  3. B
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5
Q

What stimulates release of
Phospholipase A2 from the cell membrane?

A

Any stimulus that can
stimulate/break/affect the cell membrane

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6
Q

What are the 2 enzymatic pathways that an arachidonic acid may go into?

A
  1. Cyclooxygenase pathway
  2. Lipoxygenase pathway
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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Eicosanoids are local hormones which only affect the specific site where they are produced

A

True

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the Lipoxygenase pathway, arachnoid acid is converted into cyclic
endoperoxides

A

False

This happens in the Cyclooxygenase pathway

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9
Q

This drug is a combination of acetaminophen, aspirin (NSAID), and
caffeine used for migraine headaches

A

Excedrin

NOTE: its side effect is profuse bleeding

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin is acidic in nature

A

True

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11
Q

________ are hormones that initiate/present in the inflammatory process

A

Eicosanoids

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12
Q

Give the three examples of Eicosanoids

A

prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Ibuprofen is the gold standard for all NSAIDs

A

False

It is aspirin

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14
Q

The following conditions indicates the use of NSAIDs, EXCEPT:

A. hemorrhagic stroke
B. deep vein thrombosis
C. myocardial infarction
D. osteoarthritis
E. hyperthermia

A

A. hemorrhagic stroke

it is CONTRAINDICATED for hemorrhagic stroke as this causes more bleeding. it is only for embolic strokes

NOTE: one of the common maintenance medications used for MI are NSAIDs, mainly aspirin. (b) prevention of clot, (d) inflammation, & (e) fever are indications of the medicine

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15
Q
  1. Platelet aggregation
  2. From the lipoxygenase pathway
  3. Synthesized by platelets
  4. Bronchoconstriction
  5. Mucus production

A. prostaglandins
B. thromboxane
C. leukotrienes
D. A and B
E. B and C

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. B
  4. E
  5. C
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16
Q
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Allergen
  3. Gastric Mucosal Protection
  4. Renal Homeostasis
  5. Inflammatory Effect

A. prostaglandins
B. thromboxane
C. leukotrienes
D. A and B
E. B and C

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A (specifically in the Cox-1 Pathway)
  4. A (specifically in the Cox-1 Pathway)
  5. A (specifically in the Cox-2 Pathway)
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17
Q

Name 3 methods to manage ASA in toxication

A
  1. Gastric lavage (nasogastric tube)
  2. Ventilatory assistance (respirator through trachea)
  3. Alkalinize the urine
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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When aspirin is metabolized, it results to acetic acid and salicylate compounds

A

True

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin is excreted by conjugation with glucose to form salicyluric
acid

A

False

It partners with glycine

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin is absorbed in the small intestines and stomach

A

True

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: For children, an NSAID dose of 60g/kg/day may be prescribed

A

False

Recommended range: 50-70 MG/kg/day

22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The maximum allowable dose for a dialysis patient for NSAID rx is 4g/day

A

False

4g/day is given on HEALTHY individuals only. When persistent, it may be drank every 4-6 hours.

23
Q

The following are adverse effects possibly seen with NSAID intake, EXCEPT:

A. Allergies
B. GI mucosa irritation
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Nephrotoxicity
E. None

A

E. None

24
Q

Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking what enzyme?

A

cyclooxygenase

25
Q

Enumerate the 4 effects of NSAIDs:

A
  1. Anti-inflammatory
  2. Analgesia/Analgesic properties
  3. Antipyresis
  4. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cox-1 Pathway enables the balance of water and electrolyte in the kidneys. It also promotes vasoconstriction

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

C. Only the 1st statement is true

It promotes vasodilation for good blood flow to the kidneys

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cox-1 Pathway enables the protection of the gastric mucosa. This inhibits gastric irritation

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cox-1 Pathway promotes the travelling of WBCs on the area of the wound. Afterwards, it promotes platelet aggregation to stop bleeding

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

It does not have any responsibilities with the WBC’s mechanism of action

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cyclooxygenase pathway produces prostaglandins and leukotrienes

A

False

Cyclooxygenase: produces prostaglandins
and thromboxanes
Lipoxygenase: produces leukotrienes

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin is a maintenance drug for patients who have suffered
from MI or stroke

A

True

31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cox-2 Inhibitors provides better renal protection, lesser gastric mucosal irritation, and more effects on platelet functions

A

False

Less effects on platelet functions

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cox-2 inhibitors pathway maintains the homeostatic effects of the Cox-1 pathway

A

True

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Drugs only come in when the physiological process is too much and is uncontrolled already.

A

True

34
Q

What NSAID is used as an antiplatelet?

A

Aspirin

This is by inhibition of thromboxane synthesis

35
Q

Describe the Cox-2 pathways

A

Mainly inducible at the site of inflammation resulting in eicosanoids that cause pain, fever, and inflammation

36
Q

What is salicylism?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to aspirin

37
Q

Aspirin is a _____ inhibitor of cyclooxygenase

A. selective
B. non-selective

A

B. non-selective

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin inhibits migration of leukocytes and macrocytes to
sites of inflammation

A

True

This is an effect of its anti-inflammatory properties

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Although aspirin is used for mild to moderate pain only, it is able to act on the brain and spinal cord for analgesia

A

False

It only acts peripherally on the nerve endings

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin promotes vasodilation & pyrogen release of prostaglandins to decrease core body temperature

A

False

It it antipyresis.

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The type of injury, type of organ/tissue, and current metabolic state of the patient determine whether the Cox-1 or Cox-2 pathway will be activated. It can either go in single or both pathways.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Cox-1 pathway is physiologic in nature. It normally occurs in the body and is constitutively active.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Aspirin has a protein binding percent of 8-9%. It reaches its peak plasma levels between 1-2 hours.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Protein Binding: 80-90%

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: To excrete aspirin, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is given.

A

True

this utilizes the concept of urine alkalinization to increase rate of excretion

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: At low doses, aspirin follows zero order kinetics in terms of excretion. This makes the half of the drug excreted in 15 hours.

A

False

Low doses: 1st order kinetics → t1/2 = 3-5 hours
High doses: Zero order kinetics → t1/2 = 15 hours

46
Q

Which lipids are classified under cyclic endoperoxides?

A

prostaglandins & thromboxanes

47
Q

What s/sx may be seen with ASA intoxication?

A
  1. salicylism
  2. hyperpnea
  3. seizures
48
Q

What is the expected findings with a pt with salicylism?

A

Tinnitus (ringing of the ears), decreased hearing, vertigo

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cox-2 inhibitors must be given at a lower dosage on older population.

A

True

○ Adults: 120 mg
○ Older population: 90 mg

50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cox-2 inhibitors are given 2x/day

A

False

(3) Pharmacology (12 decks)

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