S3 Computer Systems, Binary, Cyber security

Question 1

Examples of input devices?

Answer 1

Mouse, Keyboard

Question 2

Examples of output devices

Answer 2

Headphones, monitor

Question 3

Computer System diagram?

Answer 3

Input devices into Cpu
output dervices out of cpu
working memory both ways of cpu
backing storeage both ways.
Layout: Cpu in middle, Ram above, Backing storage below
input & output devices either side.

Question 4

What happens when you open a file?

Answer 4

The file moves from backing storage to working memory and while working on file moves between cpu and working memory.

Question 5

what happens when you save a file.

Answer 5

moves back into backing storage

Question 6

What does it mean that the working memory is volitile?

Answer 6

It does not save when you turn off the computer

Question 7

What does Cpu stand for?

Answer 7

Central Proccessing Unit

Question 8

What does RAM stand for?

Answer 8

Random acess memory

Question 9

What does GPU for?

Answer 9

Graphics proccessing unit

Question 10

What does PSU stand for?

Answer 10

Power supply unit

Question 11

What does SSD stand for?

Answer 11

Solid state drive

Question 12

What does HDD stand for?

Answer 12

Hard disk drive

Question 13

What does OS stand for?

Answer 13

operaiting system

Question 14

What does the CPU do?

Answer 14

Brain of the computer, all the calculations are prefromed here.

Question 15

What is the 3 things CPU is broken into?

Answer 15

Speed frequency(GHz)
Number of cores(1,2,4,8,ect)
Cache (1mb,4mb)

Question 16

What does the RAM do?

Answer 16

Stores working data

Question 17

Where does RAM solt into?

Answer 17

Mother board

Question 18

What sizes does RAM come in?

Answer 18

4GB,8GB,16GB,64GB,128GB

Question 19

What is the range of speed for RAM?

Answer 19

2133-4200MHz

Question 20

What does the GPU do?

Answer 20

Produces a display so can use computer

Question 21

Why is GPU useful?

Answer 21

Can create refection, transparency, shadows

Question 22

Does the computer need GPU?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

What is GPU measured in?

Answer 23

GHz

Question 24

does it have a ram on board

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

What does the motherboard do?

Answer 25

a device that connects all the components together so the computer can work

Question 26

What must the motherboard match

Answer 26

CPU type

Question 27

what connects to the motherboard

Answer 27

CPU,RAM,GPU,hard drive + extra compoents

Question 28

What is the two things the PSU does?

Answer 28

Supplies the computer and components with the right power, changes the mains into a usable power supply

Question 29

What is SSD & HDD

Answer 29

backing storage

Question 30

3 things about HDD

Answer 30

Slower,More Fragile, moving parts

Question 31

3 things about SSD

Answer 31

Faster, move expensive, longer life

Question 32

What does the OS do?

Answer 32

It is a software responsible for making all the components speak to each other correctly

Question 33

What does 1 and 0's repersent and what are they?

Answer 33

a state of switch, 1 = on, 0 = off. It is the smallest pieces of storage a computer can understand, know as a bit

Question 34

what do 8 bits create

Answer 34

a byte

Question 35

what does 1024 bytes equal?

Answer 35

1 Kilobyte

Question 36

what does 1024 kilobytes equal?

Answer 36

1 megabyte

Question 37

what does 1024 megabytes equal?

Answer 37

1 gigabyte

Question 38

what does 1024 gigbyte equal?

Answer 38

1 tera byte

Question 39

How do you find out the number of combos?

Answer 39

2 squared by the number of bits

Question 40

what is ASCII?

Answer 40

a system to reperesent text

Question 41

how many bits is the ASCII system

Answer 41

8 bit system

Question 42

how many different characters is ASCII

Answer 42

256 different charactes

Question 43

Why is ASCII not useful

Answer 43

it only has 256 character and there is more characters

Question 44

what is UNICODE and why is it used

Answer 44

it is the alternaitve to ASCII and has more characters, 16 bit system

Question 45

how many characters does UNICODE have?

Answer 45

65536

Question 46

In a byte how do you find the number?

Answer 46

each 0/1 has a value if there is a 1. the value range goes from 128 and halving it each time.

Question 47

what does it mean if the number at the end is a 1

Answer 47

its odd

Question 48

what does it mean if the number at the end is a 0

Answer 48

its even

Question 49

What are the two types of images?

Answer 49

Bitmap and vectors

Question 50

Vectors?(3)

Answer 50

Used for line art and simple graphics. Each object is repersented by a formula. can be scaled up without loss of resolution.

Question 51

Bitmap?(5)

Answer 51

used for photos and high quality graphics. repersented by a grid of pixals. each pixal a colour in binary. for 256 colours need 8 bits per pixal for two colours need 1 bit per pixal. become pixalated when scaled up.

Question 52

What is a security breach?

Answer 52

incident where private data may have been stolen or veiwed

Question 53

impact of a security breach? (4)

Answer 53

Reputaional damage, theft of personal info(idenity theft), moneyloss, damage

Question 54

why somone would do a secruity brearch

Answer 54

for fun, challange, show how poor system is, steal credit card info to sell or use, steal personal info to use or sell

Question 55

what makes a strong password

Answer 55

mix of upper and lower case letters, numbers, symbols

Question 56

what is a diconary attack

Answer 56

computer tries password and then another until gets the right password

Question 57

what is a brute force attack

Answer 57

changes parts of the password

Question 58

malware?

Answer 58

programs that cause damage to the computer system

Question 59

examples of malware

Answer 59

steals info, cause pop ups, slow down computer

Question 60

what are the 5 types of malware

Answer 60

viruses, keyloggers, trogan horses, worms, spyware

Question 61

viruses

Answer 61

causes damage or annoyance, need user interaction

Question 62

worms

Answer 62

self replicating software that causes damage

Question 63

trojan horses

Answer 63

appears harmless, used to install malware and create backdoors,

Question 64

spyware

Answer 64

spy on users to get personal info and web browsing info

Question 65

keyloggers

Answer 65

logs each keystroke made, used to steal password and sensitive info

Question 66

what is antiviruses

Answer 66

program that is installed to block malware and suspisous programs. scans whole computer to check if anything matchs a virus, if find virus will quaritnine file soo can't do anything.