S4.2.2 Glossary

Question 1

meristem tissue

Answer 1

Tips of roots and shoots where stem cells are found, these are the growing parts of plants

Question 2

absorption

Answer 2

The process of taking something in

Question 3

active transport

Answer 3

The movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, using energy

Question 4

air movement

Answer 4

Also known as wind, one of the factors which affects transpiration

Question 5

amino acids

Answer 5

The monomer of protein

Question 6

carbon dioxide

Answer 6

One of the reactants for photosynthesis

Question 7

cell sap

Answer 7

A solution of water, sugars and salts found in the vacuole of plant cells

Question 8

cellulose

Answer 8

A structural carbohydrate which makes up cell walls

Question 9

chlorophyll

Answer 9

A pigment which absorbs all colours of light, except green which it reflects

Question 10

chloroplasts

Answer 10

The part of the plant cell which contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis

Question 11

chromatogram

Answer 11

The result of carrying out chromatography

Question 12

chromatography

Answer 12

A separating technique which separates a mixture of soluble substances

Question 13

communicable diseases

Answer 13

Diseases which can be spread between organisms

Question 14

concentration

Answer 14

The amount of a solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 15

control methods

Answer 15

Ways of preventing the spread of disease

Question 16

control variables

Answer 16

Variables which are kept the same during an experiment

Question 17

differentiate

Answer 17

When cells become specialised for a particular function

Question 18

dissolved

Answer 18

A solute spreads out in a solvent

Question 19

endothermic reaction

Answer 19

A reaction which absorbs energy, e.g. photosynthesis

Question 20

fungus

Answer 20

A single or multicellular organism which grows in moist conditions

Question 21

guard cells

Answer 21

Cells which control the opening and closing of stomata

Question 22

leaves

Answer 22

Organ of plant where photosynthesis, gas exchange and transpiration take place

Question 23

light intensity

Answer 23

How bright light is, measured in lux

Question 24

lignin

Answer 24

A structural molecule which provides support to xylem vessels in a plant

Question 25

magnesium ions

Answer 25

Magnesium atoms which have lost two electrons to become positively charged

Question 26

mineral ions

Answer 26

Any metal which has lost electrons

Question 27

mobile phase

Answer 27

This is what moves during chromatography, e.g. the solvent

Question 28

multicellular organism

Answer 28

Organism made of more than one cell

Question 29

nitrate ions

Answer 29

Nitrogen molecules used by plants to make protein

Question 30

osmosis

Answer 30

The movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, across a partially permeable membrane

Question 31

oxygen

Answer 31

A by-product of photosynthesis

Question 32

phloem

Answer 32

Vessels which transport dissolved sugars up and down the plant

Question 33

photosynthesis

Answer 33

A chemical reaction which uses energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen

Question 34

pigments

Answer 34

Coloured substances

Question 35

plant organ system

Answer 35

A collection of plant organs which work together to perform a function

Question 36

plant pathogen

Answer 36

A microorganism which causes disease in plants

Question 37

plant structure

Answer 37

How plants are arranged in tissues, organs and organ systems

Question 38

pondweed

Answer 38

A plant which grows underwater

Question 39

pores

Answer 39

Small holes in a surface, e.g. skin or leaves

Question 40

proteins

Answer 40

Polymers made of amino acids

Question 41

rate of photosynthesis

Answer 41

How quickly photosynthesis occurs

Question 42

respiration

Answer 42

Chemical reaction that releases energy in cells

Question 43

Rf value

Answer 43

A known value allowing for the identification of a substance by chromatography

Question 44

root

Answer 44

Plant organ which is repsonsible for absorbing water and minerals from soil

Question 45

root hair cell

Answer 45

Specialised cell which is adapted to absorb water and minerals from soil

Question 46

rose black spot

Answer 46

A plant disease caused by a fungus which causes dark purple or black spots to form on leaves

Question 47

shoot

Answer 47

The growing part at the end of the stem

Question 48

solvent

Answer 48

A liquid into which something dissolves

Question 49

spores

Answer 49

Reproductive cells of fungi

Question 50

starch

Answer 50

A polymer made of glucose

Question 51

stationary phase

Answer 51

This is what does not move in paper chromatography, e.g. the paper

Question 52

stem

Answer 52

Plant organ which provides support and transports substances

Question 53

stomata

Answer 53

Small holes in the surface of the leaf which allow gases in and out

Question 54

temperature

Answer 54

A measurement of how hot or cold something is

Question 55

tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 55

A pathogen which causes a mosaic pattern on the leaves of a plant

Question 56

translocation

Answer 56

The movement of dissolved sugars up and down the plant

Question 57

transpiration

Answer 57

The evaporation of water from the leaves

Question 58

water

Answer 58

A reactant for photosynthesis

Question 59

water uptake

Answer 59

The amount of absorption of water happening through the roots

Question 60

water vapour

Answer 60

The gaseous form of water

Question 61

xylem

Answer 61

The vessel which transports water up the plant