S4W8

Question 1

Knee injuries are difficult to treat because

Answer 1

the cartilage of the knee does not repair itself

Question 2

A new concept in the treatments of knee injuries is the transplantation of

Answer 2

chondrocytes

Question 3

The shaft of a long bone is the

Answer 3

diaphysis

Question 4

To what part of the bone do tendons and ligaments attach?

Answer 4

periosteum

Question 5

Bone that consists mainly of tightly packed tissue is called

Answer 5

compact bone

Question 6

Bone that consists of numerous branching bony plates separated by irregular spaces is called

Answer 6

spongy or cancellous

Question 7

The medullary cavity of a long bone is filled with

Answer 7

marrow

Question 8

Bones that develop from layers of membranous connective tissue are called

Answer 8

intramembranous bones

Question 9

Bones that develop from masses of hyaline cartilage are called

Answer 9

endocondral bones

Question 10

The band of cartilage between the mprimary and secondary ossification centers in long bones is called the

Answer 10

epiphyseal disk

Question 11

Once bone formation is complete, the bone _________ throughout life.

Answer 11

is remodeled

Question 12

When a bone is fractured, a hematoma is formed from blood escaping from

Answer 12

the periosteum

blood vessels within the bone

Question 13

The gap between broken ends of a fractured bone is filled by a

Answer 13

cartilaginous callus

Question 14

To accomplish movement, bones and muscles function together to act as

Answer 14

levers

Question 15

Which of the following bones contain red marrow for blood cell formation in a healthy adult

Answer 15

pelvis

ribs

Question 16

Damaged bone marrow can be replaced by a

Answer 16

marrow transplant

Question 17

A new technique in harvesting bone marrow for transplantation involves giving the donor a biochemical in order to

Answer 17

permit blood-forming cells form the donor’s bloodstream

Question 18

Which of the following inorganic salts are stored in bone?

Answer 18

calcium

Question 19

The hormone associated with the development of osteoporosis is

Answer 19

estrogen

Question 20

List the major parts of the axial skeleton

Answer 20

skull, hyoid, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Question 21

List the major parts of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 21

pectoral girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, legs

Question 22

The only movable bone of the skull is the

Answer 22

mandible

Question 23

The bone that forms the back of the skull and joins the skull along the lamboidal suture is the ________ bone.

Answer 23

occipital

Question 24

The upper jaw is formed by the ________ bones

Answer 24

maxillary

Question 25

The membranous areas (soft spots) of an infant's skull are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

fontanels

Question 26

What part of the vertebral column acts as a shock absorber?

Answer 26

intervertebral disks

Question 27

Which of the vertebrae suppor the most weight?

Answer 27

lumbar

Question 28

The functions of the thoracic cage include

Answer 28

1. production of blood cells 2. contribution to breathing 3. protection of heart and lungs 4. support of the shoulder girdle

Question 29

True ribs articulate with _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

thoracic vertebrae sternum

Question 30

The pectoral girdle is made up of two _______ and two \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

clavicles scapula

Question 31

The wrist consists of

Answer 31

8 carpal bones

Question 32

The _______ crosses over the ulna when the palm of the hand faces backward.

Answer 32

radius

Question 33

When the hands are placed on the hips, they are placed over the

Answer 33

iliac crest

Question 34

The longest bone in the body is the

Answer 34

femur

Question 35

The lower end of the fibula can be felt as an ankle bone. The correct name is the

Answer 35

lateral malleolus

Question 36

Synovial membrane is found in

Answer 36

freely movable joints

Question 37

The function of bursae is to

Answer 37

facilitate movement of tendons over bones

Question 38

The type of joint that permits the widest range of motion is

Answer 38

ball-and-socket

Question 39

Moving the parts at a joint so that the angle between them is increased is caleld

Answer 39

extension

Question 40

List the tissue found in bones

Answer 40

bone cartilage epithelial fibrous connective blood nervous

Question 41

What is the structural difference between compact and spongy bone?

Answer 41

compact is very tightly packed spongy bone is highly branch, thin bone plates that contain a lot a space

Question 42

The vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone whose function is the formation and repair of bone tissue is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 42

periosteum

Question 43

What bones are intramembranous bones? How do they develop?

Answer 43

flat bones of skull that ebgin as sheets of connective tissue which then become osteoblasts later, and eventually osteocytes

Question 44

What bones are endochondral bones? How do they develop? Be sure to include descriptions of the primary ossification center, the secondary ossification center, and the epiphyseal disk.

Answer 44

Most boens of the skeleton are endochondral (arms, legs, ribs, etc) that begin life as cartilage which begins to ossify in the middle and then ossification moves out to ends a band of cartilage is left between the 2 areas called an epiphyseal disk, which ossifies after puberty

Question 45

When is ossification complete?

Answer 45

adulthood

Question 46

How can an X ray show that long bone growth is complete?

Answer 46

an x ray will show the growth plates closed and fused

Question 47

Describe the homeostasis fo bone tissue.

Answer 47

Bone tissue is constantly being dissolved and remodeled by osteoclasts and osteoblasts throughout an individual's life

Question 48

How is the fracture of a bone healed?

Answer 48

when bone breaks, a clot forms which then ossifies over time, the ossified clot is smooth down and the bone returns to normal

Question 49

What boens function primarily to provide support?

Answer 49

feet, legs, pelvis, and backbone

Question 50

What boens function primarily to protect viscera?

Answer 50

ribs, sternum, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle

Question 51

How do bones function with muscles to produce movement?

Answer 51

they function together as levers

Question 52

Where are blood cells formed in the embryo? In the infant? In the adult?

Answer 52

In an embryo, blood cells are made in the yolk sac. In infants, blood cells are made in spleen and liver In adults, the bones

Question 53

What is the difference between red and yellow marrow?

Answer 53

red marrow makes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets yellow marrow functions as fat storage

Question 54

Describe a bone marrow transplant

Answer 54

Red marrow is removed from donor and then injected into blood stream of recipient

Question 55

What are the major inorganic salts stored in bone? What other salts and heavy metals can also be stored in bone?

Answer 55

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate

Question 56

How is calcium released from bone so that it is available for physiiologic processes?

Answer 56

Osteoclasts break down bone, releasing the calcium into the blood

Question 57

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 57

A thinning of the bones due to an excessive loss of bonen volume and mineral content

Question 58

What are the two major divisions of the skeleton?

Answer 58

axial and appendicular

Question 59

List the bones found in each of the major division

Answer 59

axial - skuill, vertebral column, hyoid, thoracic cage appendicular - pectoral girdle, legs, arms, pelvic girdle

Question 60

Describe the structure and function of a freely movable joint?

Answer 60

articulating bones surrounded by a ligaments with bursae in between many to shock absorb freely movable joints are useful for their varied movements allowed and are versatile