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Question 1

What were the results of the 1994 election in South Africa?

Answer 1

Nelson Mandela became President with previous President de Klerk becoming the Deputy President.

Question 2

What were the main areas of reform made by President P.W Botha?

Answer 2

Trade Unions, Constitution, Pass Laws, Educational, Petty Apartheid.

Question 3

Define apartheid.

Answer 3

A policy and system of segregation and discrimination on the grounds of race.

Question 4

How did the Boers arrive in South Africa?

Answer 4

Dutch and German settlers during the 17th - 19th centuries.

Question 5

Which racial group did the majority of the population belong to?

Answer 5

Black.

Question 6

What was the purpose of the ANC’s Program of Action in 1949?

Answer 6

To challenge government plans for apartheid through boycotts, civil disobedience, and strikes.

Question 7

What was the outcome of the 1992 referendum called by President de Klerk?

Answer 7

Almost 69 percent of the country’s white voters endorsed his reform policies.

Question 8

What did the ANC’s Freedom Charter call for?

Answer 8

Nonracial social democracy in South Africa.

Question 9

What significant event occurred during the Soweto Rebellion in 1976?

Answer 9

20,000 students protested against the use of Afrikaans in schools, resulting in approximately 176 fatalities.

Question 10

What actions did President de Klerk take to dismantle apartheid?

Answer 10

Repealed racially discriminatory laws, recognized Black Trade Unions, abolished job reservations for whites.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The ANC won _______ of the vote in the 1994 election.

Answer 11

62.5%.

Question 12

True or False: Nelson Mandela was frequently banned from travel, association, and speech starting in 1952.

Answer 12

True.

Question 13

What was the significance of the Congress of the People held by the ANC in 1955?

Answer 13

It discussed the Freedom Charter and united various groups against apartheid.

Question 14

What economic commodities was South Africa important for during the Cold War?

Answer 14

Gold and coal.

Question 15

What was the impact of international opposition to apartheid?

Answer 15

Increased criticism of apartheid and formation of anti-apartheid groups globally.

Question 16

What was the role of Black Trade Unions recognized in 1979?

Answer 16

Gave access to the industrial court and the right to strike.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The new South African Parliament established in 1984 consisted of _______ chambers.

Answer 17

three.

Question 18

What was the outcome of the 1986 repeal of Pass laws?

Answer 18

Allowed black people to move between Homelands and urban areas.

Question 19

What led to increased civil disorder in the 1980s?

Answer 19

Mass protests and violence in response to rent and electricity hikes.

Question 20

Who co-won the Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandela in 1993?

Answer 20

President FW de Klerk.

Question 21

What was the ANC’s stance after the ban was lifted in 1990?

Answer 21

They suspended the armed struggle and focused on political action.

Question 22

What was a major consequence of the Soweto riots?

Answer 22

Black school children became significant participants in the anti-apartheid movement.

Question 23

What did the new constitution in 1984 allow for?

Answer 23

A state president elected mainly by whites, maintaining white political power.

Question 24

What caused the breakdown of the black local government system in the townships?

Answer 24

Attacks on government buildings and assassinations against black councillors and police regarded as collaborators with the apartheid system

This was a significant factor leading to unrest.

Question 25

What was the reason behind school boycotts in the summer of 1985?

Answer 25

Protesting to the substandard teachers and resources ## Footnote These boycotts contributed to the overall confusion and unrest during this period.

Question 26

What significant action did the South African government take in 1990?

Answer 26

Lifted its three-decade-old ban on the ANC ## Footnote This action signaled a willingness to disband the apartheid system.

Question 27

Who engaged in a fierce struggle with the ANC after the ban was lifted?

Answer 27

The Zulu Nationalist party ## Footnote This struggle was for political leadership and the allegiance of black South Africans.

Question 28

How many people had been killed in clashes by 1994?

Answer 28

Thousands ## Footnote The violence escalated significantly during this period.

Question 29

What was South Africa's position in international affairs during apartheid?

Answer 29

Remained important due to reliance on external markets and products ## Footnote This importance was crucial for both South Africa and Western powers.

Question 30

Why did South Africa become increasingly isolated over the years?

Answer 30

Due to the international community's criticism of apartheid ## Footnote However, complete isolation was not favorable for Western powers.

Question 31

What was South Africa's strategic importance during the Cold War?

Answer 31

In the fight against communism and as a route to the east ## Footnote This aspect was leveraged in South African propaganda.

Question 32

What important commodities did South Africa provide to the West?

Answer 32

* Gold * Coal ## Footnote These commodities were significant for Western economies.

Question 33

Which countries were particularly against sanctions against South Africa?

Answer 33

Britain and the USA ## Footnote Their opposition was rooted in economic and strategic interests.

Question 34

Did the international community criticize apartheid?

Answer 34

Yes ## Footnote Anti-apartheid groups existed in many countries to increase this criticism.