SA3 Directed Study

Question 1

Types of targets for FAE

Answer 1

Structures
Concentrations of AFV and SP Guns
Parked aircraft
Minefield clearance
Ships
Bunkers / trenches
Concentrations of troops in the open

Question 2

Fuels used in FAEs

Answer 2

Aluminium
Butane
Acetylene
Kerosene

Question 3

Aircraft damage criteria

Answer 3

FT - Flight Kill - Aircraft becomes permanently incapable of maintaining flight after sustained damage
CT - Continuance Kill - Unable to continue mission after sustaining damage
ET - Effectiveness Kill - Receives damage to cause it be grounded for repairs

Question 4

Principle of FAE

Answer 4

Creates an aerosol cloud of fuel air mixture which then detonates to achieve an explosive effect.

Question 5

What are the basic techniques in the design of warheads for attack on Aircraft?

Answer 5

Shaped charges (EFPs)
Overpressure (Blast)
Kinetic energy (bullets or fragmenting warheads)
Special kinetic energy (continuous rod)
(SOKS)

Question 6

What are the factors that affect shaped charges?

Answer 6

Shape of Liner
Rate of Spin
Cone Diameter
Liner Material
Stand-Off Distance

Question 7

What are 7 types of warheads used to attack aircraft?

Answer 7

Blast
Fragmentation
Fragmentation plus blast
Special kinetic energy
Shaped charges
Sub projectiles
Cluster

Question 8

What are the types of damage on personnel?

Answer 8

Physical
Mental

Question 9

What are the two catergories of wounds?

Answer 9

Mild and Severe

Question 10

What are the factors that effect V of D?

Answer 10

Charge diameter
Density of charge
Degree of confinement
Strength of detonator

Question 11

In regards to people what are the factors that effect their vulnerability ?

Answer 11

Attitude (presented area)
Protection (body armour, buildings etc)

Question 12

Primary effects of explosion

Answer 12

• Blast
• Heat
• Fragmentation

Question 13

2 types of energy used in ammo design

Answer 13

• Kinetic Energy (KE)
• Chemical Energy (CE)

Question 14

What is the definition of shape charge?

Answer 14

A charge shaped so as to concentrate its explosive force in a particular direction.

Question 15

What stand off distance gives peak performance?

Answer 15

5 Cone diameters

Question 16

What are 3 levels of damage which ammunition designer may want to achieve?

Answer 16

• Disablement
• Destruction
• Neutralisation

Question 17

Three types of explosions are?

Answer 17

Physical (mechanical) explosion

Chemical Explosion

Nuclear explosion

Question 18

How shaped charges achieve their effect?

Answer 18

by intense concentration of kinetic energy

Question 19

Phases of explosion

Answer 19

Shockfront
Positive pressure phase
Negative pressure phase

Question 20

What is standoff distance

Answer 20

The distance between the front face of the shaped charge liner and the target plate at moment of initiation.

Question 21

What are these acronyms ?
PK, PH, PR, P

Answer 21

P K = Probability of a Kill
P H = Probability of a Hit
P R = Reliability of the weapon system
P L = Lethality of the warhead or ammunition

Question 22

What are the types of armour?

Answer 22

Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA)
Spaced Homogenous
Ply
Face hardened
Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA)
Composite (Chobham)
Slat (Bar)

Question 23

What is the tank damage criteria M F K?

Answer 23

M - Mobility kill
F - Firepower kill
K - Completely destroyed

Question 24

What is the damage assessment criteria F and P for APC and MICV?

Answer 24

F - Firepower kill
P - Payload kill

Question 25

What are some of the ways to increase penetration?

Answer 25

Rocket Assistance Improve Steadiness of Shot Lengthen the Projectile Lengthening of Barrel Segmented Long Rod Penetrators

Question 26

What are the principal types of material found around the battlefield?

Answer 26

-Aircraft on the ground -Soft skinned vehicles -Storage dumps/maintenance areas -Electronic and communication equipment (ASSE)

Question 27

What are the types of aircraft in flight?

Answer 27

Fast moving Slow moving Helicopters

Question 28

What are the main types of targets frequently engaged by fire?

Answer 28

Vehicles Complex People Equipment Aircraft Structures

Question 29

In development and production, weapon systems must be what?

Answer 29

Simple Easy to inspect Easy to make Safe to transport, store and handle

Question 30

What are the two ways to produce energy for conventional attacks on targets?

Answer 30

Kinetic Energy Chemical Energy

Question 31

What are the basic techniques in the design of warheads for attack on Aircraft?

Answer 31

Shaped charges Overpressure Kinetic energy Special kinetic energy (SOKS)

Question 32

What are the types of shot failure?

Answer 32

Barrelling Shattering Lateral bending

Question 33

What are some behind armour effects?

Answer 33

Luminescence Scabbing Heat / Fires Overpressure (HOLS)

Question 34

What are some of the methods of delivery against armour?

Answer 34

Guns Grenades Mines Aircraft bombs Missiles

Question 35

What is the damage criteria for aircraft? (KK,K,A,B,C,E)

Answer 35

-KK Kill, The target suffers immediate and catastrophic disintegration. -K Kill, The target is destroyed in less than 10 secs -A Kill, The target is destroyed in less than 5 mins. -B Kill, The target is defeated in less than 5 hours. -C Kill, The target’s mission is not achieved (mission -E Kill, The target may complete its mission but needs repair before it can fly again.

Question 36

What are the vulnerable areas of an aircraft?

Answer 36

Structural Attack -Air frame -People, the aircrew -Fuel cells/tanks & lines -Engines Power transmission systems Flight controls Avionics Bomb load / Pay load

Question 37

What effects does altitude have on weapon systems?

Answer 37

Density Attenuation Miss distance Altitude increases - warhead increases

Question 38

What is the most common way of transferring energy to personnel?

Answer 38

Fragmentation

Question 39

What are the major fragment producers?

Answer 39

Generic HE Pre notched containers Pre formed fragments

Question 40

What is rarefaction ?

Answer 40

Area of low pressure following a shock wave

Question 41

ADV of FAE

Answer 41

Provides larger overpressure at a greater distance than HE Requires little to no oxygen making explosive 3-5 times hotter than HE

Question 42

DISADV of FAE

Answer 42

Weather dependent - If its windy FAE wont have an efficient effect