SAC 1 Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
the human lifespan
A
starts at conception and ends at death
2
Q
the human lifespan stages listed
A
- prenatal
- infancy
- early childhood
- late childhood
- youth
- early adulthood
- middle adulthood
- late adulthood
3
Q
prenatal age range
A
fertilisition to birth
4
Q
prenatal is characterised by
A
- development of the bodily organs and structures
- substantial growth (fastest growth period of all human stages)
5
Q
fertilisation
A
when a sperm penetrates an egg and they form one complete celled, called a zygote
6
Q
infancy age range
A
birth - 2nd birthday
7
Q
infancy is characterised by
A
*rapid growth
*motor skills (walk, use simple words, identify people, play social games, throw tantrums)
8
Q
early childhood age range
A
end of infancy (2 years) - 6th birthday
9
Q
early childhood is characterised by
A
*slow and steady growth
*accomplishment of many new skills
* learns social skills
*making friends
*become toilet trained
10
Q
late childhood age range
A
6-12
11
Q
late childhood is characterised by
A
- slow and steady growth
*many PIES changes
12
Q
youth age range
A
12-18
13
Q
youth is characterised by listed
A
*rapid growth
*increased independence
*more complex relationships
*sexual maturity
*life goal development
14
Q
early adulthood age range
A
18-40
15
Q
early adulthood is characterised by
A
*deciding on a career
*choosing a life partner, get married, have children
* body reaches physical peak around 25-30
16
Q
middle adulthood age range
A
40-65
17
Q
middle adulthood is characterised by
A
*stability in work and relationships
*further development of identity
*financial security
*physical signs of aging and menopause
*empty nest syndrome
18
Q
late adulthood age range
A
65 - death
19
Q
late adulthood is characterised by
A
*change in lifestyle (due to retirement and financial security)
*greater participation in voluntary work and leisure activities
*reflection on life and achievements
*grief associated with death of friends/spouse
20
Q
what are perceptions
A
beliefs or opinions based on how things seem
21
Q
factors influencing perceptions listed
A
*past experiences with people
*the way the media portrays people
*other people opinions
*their values and beliefs
22
Q
common perceptions of youth listed
A
*positive body image
*negative image: (youth are frightening, lazy or selfish)
*positive social context: (Youth have many opportunities and are fortunate to live at this time and in this society)
*negative social context: (Youth are devalued, victimised or neglected)
23
Q
why youth is perceived to be the best time of your life
A
youth have no rela worries or stressors and are free to pursue their dreams. (this may come from an adults position of regret, where adults wish they could go back and build a better life for themselves)
24
Q
negative perceptions of adults are more common in the stages of
A
youth and early adulthood
25
perceptions of early adulthood listed
*peak physically
*contributing to society by being productively employed
*being responsible citizens
26
perceptions of middle adulthood
out of touch
27
perceptions of late adulthood listed
*wise
*experienced
*seen as a source of info and expertise
28
what is development
refers to the olderly, predictable and sequential changes that occur in individuals from conception to death (PIES)
29
what does PIES stand for
physical, itellectual, emotional and social development
30
development characteristics listed
*lifelong
*qualitative: the quality improves or becomes more complex
31
growth
organs and systems getting bigger in size
32
much growth occurs when...
during puberty
33
changes to body systems
tissues and systems will change in structure and function
34
examples of changes to body systems listed
*replacement of baby teeth with permanent teeth during childhood
*hardening of bones until early adulthood
*change in the way sex organs function during youth
*development of the immune system
35
motor skill development
the control of the muscles of the body
36
gross motor skill
movement that requires large muscle groups
37
examples of gross motor skills listed
*throwing
*walking
*kicking
38
fine motor skill
movement that requires control of small muscle groups
39
fine motor skills examples listed
*writing
*typing
*throwing darts
*using scissors
40
primary sex characteristics
parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction
41
secondary sex characteristics
changes that occur to both males and females but aren't directly related to reproduction organs
42
physical development
changes that occur to the body and its systems
43
aspects of physical development listed
*growth
*motor skill development, fine motor skills, gross motor skills
*changes to body systems
44
intellectual development
the increase in complexity of processes in the brain, such as thought, knowledge and memory
45
aspects of intellectual development listed
*knowledge and memory
*language
*thought patterns and problem solving
*creativity
*attention
46
emotional development
experiencing the full range of emotions and being able to appropriately express them
47
aspects of emotional development listed
*developing self concept (how a person sees themself)
*experiencing the full range of emotions
*learning appropriate ways of expressing and commuincating emotions
*building resillience
48
social development
increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people
49
aspects of development listed
*relationship skills (conflict resolution and open communication)
*behaviours (eg, being considerate)
*social roles (eg, son, daughter, employee, friend)
*communication skills (written and oral)
50
what is a relationship
a connection between two or more people or groups of people
51
types of relationships listed
*family
*friendships
*intimate
*online
*teacher/coaches/mentors
*professional
52
family relationships
diverse and unique and usually provide love, security and support
53
main parenting styles that impact H&W listed
*authoritarian
*authoritative
*permissive
*uninvolved
54
authoritarian parent
rules set and children expected to follow without question or else they are punished.
(Often results in children with lower levels of emotional and mental h&w.)
55
authoritative parent listed
*have rules but allow some exceptions
*use consequences rather than punishment
* include positive rewards.
(Children with these types of parents usually develop good decision making skills)
56
permissive parent listed
*no discipline
*take on the role of a friend more than a parent.
*Rarely discourage bad behaviour.
( Children often have issues with authority and rules, causing difficulties at school. Often report sadness and poor mental health)
57
uninvolved parent
no interest and do not meet child's basic needs. (Often parents are affected by mental health or substance abuse problems. Children feel rejected and have poor self esteem.)
58
friendship relationship characteristics listed
*often based on common interests
*long lasting or short
*usually offer support in difficult times
*rely on friends to help with decision making
*can be a good or bad influence
59
online relationship characteristics listed
*can be negative
* healthy relationships formed
*can be effective way to stay in touch
60
intimate relationship characteristics listed
*string emotions/physical attraction
*desire to spend a large amount of time with a person
*do become sexual after a period of time
*differ for everyone but depend on values and beliefs
61
relationships with teachers/coaches/mentors characteristics listed
*important people in a young persons support network
*provide positive role models
62
professional relationships characteristics listed
*spend a lot of time in work environment
*need to be supportive and open
*good communication, trust and respect
63
aspects of a healthy relationship listed
*respect
*equality
*safety
*empathy
*honesty
*trust
*loyalty
64
communication
is important to share interests, aspirations and concerns or worries. Helps to support each other in the relationship.
65
verbal communication
clearly conveying a message through talking and careful listening
66
non-verbal communication
Use of body language through expression and tone of voice
67
unhealthy relationship
person is prevented from challenging themselves and is unable to be their best self
68
aspects of unhealthy relationships listed
*being put down by others
*not feeling appreciated
*low self-esteem
*being harassed
*feeling sad
*constantly dissapointed
69
types of abuse in relationships listed
*physical abuse
*sexual abuse
*emotional abuse
70
physical abuse consists of
hitting, biting, kicking and punching
71
sexual abuse
is unwanted touching, unwanted sexual activity
72
emotional abuse consists of
repeated insults, put downs, lack of affection, financial abuse and social isolation
73
impact of healthy relationships on physical h&w
may play sport or be in a team with family members or friends (good for CV health), no physical injuries from abuse or violence
74
impact of healthy relationships on emotional h&w
people are able to recognize and manage emotions easily.
75
impact of healthy relationships on mental h&w
stress levels remain low, anxiety can be reduced by sharing thoughts and being cared for by others
76
impact of healthy relationships on spiritual h&w
sense of belonging and connectedness is fostered through a healthy relationship, including others and making people feel comfortable
77
impact of healthy relationships on social h&w
offer support to each other and interact in a positive way
78
impacts of healthy relationships on physical development
positive relationships with coaches and friends will help gross and fine motor skill development
79
impacts of healthy relationships on intellectual development
(positive relationships with friends and teachers might men they) encourage each other to do homework and want to come to class and be involved in learning increasing problem solving skills
80
impacts of healthy relationships on emotional development
supportive relationships emotions can be expressed without fear or rejection
81
impacts of healthy relationships on social development
friendship groups may work together and encourage each other with homework, increasing problem solving skills
82
what is a relationship
a connection between two or more people or groups of people
83
characteristics of healthy and respectful relationships listed
*respect
*trust
*honesty
*loyalty
*empathy
*safety
*equality
84
respect
a pattern of behaviour whereby people have consideration for other peoples needs, thoughts and rights
85
trust
you think others are reliable and dependable and you feel comfortable and safe with them, both physically and emotionally
86
honesty
involves telling the truth and not keeping secrets
87
loyalty
people stick by each other and provide support and consistency through challenging times
88
empathy
the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing by placing yourself in their position
89
safety
emotional safety means trusting other people with your feelings and knowing they have their best interests in mind
90
equality
those involved in the relationship are valued and are able to give and take
91
the importance of communication
clear communication allows people to share their interests, aspirations, concerns or worries
92
characteristics of good communicators listed
*eye contact
*ask relevant questions
*speak at an appropriate volume
*maintain an appropriate distance whilst talking
*show interest
*use of appropriate body language
93
unhealthy relationships characteristics listed
*feeling uncomfortable around a person
*being put down by others
*not feeling appreciated, valued or cared for
*feeling scared, vulnerable or disappointed
*being embarrassed, bullied or harassed
94
types of abuse in relationships listed
*physical abuse
*sexual abuse
*emotional abuse
95
physical abuse
includes hitting, kicking, punching, biting, etc
96
sexual abuse
includes unwanted touching, unwanted sexual activity, restricting access to birth control and unwanted violent sexual activity
97
emotional abuse
consists of repeated insults, lack of affection, financial abuse and social isolation
98
physical h&w in healthy and respectful relationships
people don't suffer from physical injuries as a result of abuse or violence therefore improving the efficient functioning of the body
99
mental h&w in healthy and respectful relationships
stress levels remain low, therefore mental h&w is optimised
100
emotional h&w in healthy and respectful relationships
people are more easily able to recognise and manage their emotions
101
social h&w in healthy and respectful relationships
people interacting in a positive way and supporting each other helps to form strong relationships with others
102
spiritual h&w in healthy and respectful relationships
Fosters a strong feeling of connectedness and increases a sense of belonging
103
physical development in healthy and respectful relationships
with friends and sport coaches encourage participation in sport which helps to promote the development of fine and gross motor skills
104
physical development in unhealthy and respectful relationships
uses put downs continuously, players don't want to go to training and their motor skills wont continue to develop
105
social development in healthy and respectful relationships
helps to enhance communication skills, conflict resolution skills and an understanding of values and beliefs
106
emotional development in healthy and respectful relationships
people can be honest with each other and emotions can be expressed without the fear of rejection or ridicule
107
intellectual development in healthy and respectful relationships
helps improve mental processes such as building knowledge and problem solving abilities, imaginative skills and language skills
108
intellectual development in healthy and respectful friendship groups
might encourage and support teamwork and encourage homework completion which increases learning and problem solving skills
