Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCHOLOGY 3/4 > SAC 1 > Flashcards

SAC 1 Flashcards

(41 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the CNS
(Central Nervous System)

A

the central nervous system is made up of two parts, the brain and the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three types of Neurons?

A
  1. Motor Neurons (efferent neurons)
  2. Sensory neurons (afferent neurons)
  3. Interneurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does a motor neuron do?

A

transmits messages about motor movement - from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does a sensory neuron do?

A

transmits neural messages about bodily sensations - from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does an interneuron do?

A

transfers neural messages between sensory and motor neurons -
(the CNS is made up of interneurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the PNS?
(Peripheral Nervous System)

A

transmits neural messages between the CNS and the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the two sectors of the PNS?

A
  1. somatic NS (conscious)
  2. automic NS (unconcious)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the somatic NS?

A

voluentary motor movement + skeletal, muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the automic NS

A

involuntary internal responses + visceral muscles, organs and glands

transmits neural messages to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does Afferent and Efferent refer to?

A

in the somatic NS
- Sensory information is called afferent
- Motor information is called efferent

these terms refer to the direction of the neural information flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the divisions of the Automic Nervous System

A
  1. sympathetic
  2. parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the sympathetic division do?

A

a division of the automic nervous system
that dominates when under stress - does this by activating internal muscles to act quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the parasympathetic division do?

A

a division of the automic ns that dominants in calm - maintains the sense of homeostasis (balance) in normal functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the sympathetic NS ____ heart rate and the parasympathetic NS ____ heart rate

A
  • the sympathetic NS accelerates heart rate
  • the parasympathetic NS slows heart rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the brains function in the CNS?

A

the brain receives and processes information from the body - and activates appropriate responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the spinal cords function in the CNS

A
  • receives sensory information and sends to the brain
  • receives motor information from the brain and sends to relevant parts of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are neurochemicals?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. neurotransmitters
  2. neuromodulators
18
Q

what are neural transmitters?

Study These Flashcards
A

neural transmitters are chemical molecules that have an effect on one or two post-synaptic neurons - enables rapid communication between two neurons

19
Q

what are the two kinds of neurotransmitters?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • EXITATORY/gluamate
    (increases likely hood)
  • INHIBITORY/GABA
    (decreases likely hood)
20
Q

what is a Neuromodulator?

Study These Flashcards
A

modulate neural activity on a larger scale than neurotransmitters, the actions of a neuromodulator are relatively longlasting eg DOPAMINE & SERATONIN

21
Q

what is dopamine?

Study These Flashcards
A

a neuromodulator that has inhibitory & excitatory effects
- pleasure, motivation, movement & attention
plays a role in controlling
- memory, mood, sleep, learning & concentration

22
Q

what is seretonin

Study These Flashcards
A

a neurotransmitter
that plays a role in controlling
- mood regulation, stabilisation, the sleep wake cycle, appetite, digestion & arousal

23
Q

what is the reward pathway?

Study These Flashcards
A

the main job is to make us want to repeat the actions that help us survive
- eating, drinking, friendship, romance

24
Q

what is long-term potentialation?

Study These Flashcards
A

SPROUTING
- increased number of receptor sites
- bushier dendrites
- increased number of synaptic connections

25
what is long-term depression?
**PRUNING** - **decreased** number of **receptor sites** - **decreased** number of **dendrites** - **decreased** number of **synaptic connections**
26
what is synaptic plasticity?
the **modifying of connections between neurons** and the fundamental mechanism of a memory formation that leads to learning - **sprouting, rerouting & pruning**
27
what is stress?
a **psychological** and **physiological experience** when something of significance **occurs that demands their attention and/or efforts to cope**
28
internal vs external stressor
**INTERNAL stressor** - a **stimulus from within a persons body** that promotes a stress response **EXTERNAL stressor** - **a stimulus from outside the body** that prompts a stress response ***internal + external stressors can work together**
29
what is the psychological stress response?
- **how we process a stressor** and is accompanied by different emotion states (sadness or excitement) - **stress response differs between people**
30
what is the physiological stress response?
- **how the body reacts to a stressor** - usually**experienced in similar ways between different people** * **different responses occur based on the length of time the stressor demands attention**
31
what is the FFF response?
1. FIGHT 2. FLIGHT 3. FREEZE
32
what is general adaption syndrome (GAS)
the experience of stress from a biological standpoint
33
what are the three steps of GAS
1. ALARM REACTION (shock+ countershock) 2. RESISTANCE 3. EXHAUSTION
34
what is cortisol?
a **hormone that is released in times of stress** to aid the body in initiating and maintaining heightened arousal - involved in **both long & short term responses to stress**
35
what does cortisol do?
- helps **energise the body** by inducing the release of glucose and a rise in blood sugar levels - released over a prolonged period **allowing to deal with stress for longer** - cortisol **can suppress the immune system** while working at a heightened level
36
what is coping?
the **process of dealing with stress** coping mechanisms that directly confront or reduce the source of stress improving overall wellbeing
37
what is context specific effectiveness in reference to coping?
when **the coping strategy or mechanism** used **is appropriate for the demands of the stressor** **(the effectiveness of a strategy varies on situation)**
38
what is coping flexibility?
the **ability to adjust or change** ones **coping strategies**, having high levels of **coping flexibility ensures context specific effectiveness.**
39
what are approach coping stratergies?
**strategies that directly confront or reduce the source of the stress** deals with stress in a practical way **(studying for a sac you are stressed about)**
40
what are avoidance coping strategies?
**strategies that involve distancing or evading the source of stress**, dealing with the more emotional component of stress **(denial, distraction, sleeping)**
41

PSYCHOLOGY 3/4 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions