sac 1

Question 1

what are the levels of organisation within the body

Answer 1

cells, tissues, organs, systems, body

Question 2

what is the function of water within the body

Answer 2

1. to transport nutrients around the body
2. to regulate body temp - through sweating
3. provide lubrication
4. allow removal of waster - formation of urine and faeces

Question 3

what is in the immune body system

Answer 3

thymus, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 4

what is in the ventral cavity

Answer 4

thoracic - chest
abdominal - stomach
abdominoplevic- stomach and groin/ pelvic

Question 5

where is the dorsal cavity

Answer 5

back
‘ closer to the back’

Question 6

where is the ventral cavity

Answer 6

belly
closer to the belly
front

Question 7

what is the dorsal cavity

Answer 7

spinal/ vertebral
cranial- head

Question 8

name the abdominal quadrants

Answer 8

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

Question 9

name the abdominal regions

Answer 9

right hypochondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region
right lumbar region
umbilical region
left lumbar region
right lilac region
hypogastric region
left lilac region

Question 10

what is the frontal coronal plane

Answer 10

a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions

Question 11

what is the saggital plane - ( lateral plane)

Answer 11

a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sides

Question 12

what is the transverse plane ( axial)

Answer 12

a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

Question 13

what is flexion and provide and example

Answer 13

• reducing the joint angle
  e.g. bending knee

Question 14

what is extension and provide and example

Answer 14

• increasing the joint angle
  e.g. straightening arm

Question 15

what is abduction and provide an example

Answer 15

• body part moving away from midline or body
  e.g. arms out horizontal

Question 16

what is adduction and provide and example

Answer 16

• body part moving towards the midline
  e.g. arms across body

Question 17

what is rotation and provide and example

Answer 17

• when a bone or limb pivots around a joint
  e.g. turning wrist

Question 18

what is pronation and provide an example

Answer 18

rotation of the forearm- foot so the plamar/ plantar surface points upwards or forwards

Question 19

what is supination and provide an example

Answer 19

rotation of the forearm/ foot so that the plamar/ plantar surface points upwards/ forwards
e.g. hands in shape of cup

Question 20

what is inversion and provide and example

Answer 20

• rotation of the sole of the foot inwards
  e.g. rolling ankle in

Question 21

what is eversion and provide and example

Answer 21

• rotating the sole of the foot outwards
  e.g. shrugging shoulders up

Question 22

what is elevation and provide an example

Answer 22

• movement in a superior direction
  e.g. shrugging shoulders up

Question 23

what is depression and provide an example

Answer 23

movement in an inferior direction
e.g. lowering shoulders down

Question 24

what is protraction and prove an example

Answer 24

body part is pushed or moved forwards
e.g. sticking chin out

Question 25

what is retraction and provide an example

Answer 25

body bart is pushed or moved backwards e.g. holding shoulders back

Question 26

what are 3 functional characteristics for maintaining life

Answer 26

1. excretion - removing waste from the body 2. reproduction - provide new cells for growth and repair 3. respiration - ability to inhale o2 and utilise for the production of energy

Question 27

what is H20 ( water) structure

Answer 27

two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Question 28

where is H20 located

Answer 28

plasma ( blood interstitial - between cells intracellular - within cells e.g. cytoplasm

Question 29

what is smooth er

Answer 29

a long network of a folded tube like structure

Question 30

what is the function of smooth er

Answer 30

synthesise hormones and lipids

Question 31

what is the structure of rough er

Answer 31

a long network of a folded, tube like structure , studded with ribosomes