SAC 1 Revision

Question 1

What is the referential function of language?

Answer 1

Language users sharing info with their intended audience. Information isn’t necessarily true, but the message is present as being factual and objective.

Question 2

What does the emotive function of language allow?

Answer 2

Allows language user to express emotions and desires. Can be referred to as ‘expressive function’.

Question 3

What is the conative function of language?

Answer 3

Involves directions, questions, and commands. Aims to get the audience to react in some way.

Question 4

What is the purpose of the phatic function in communication?

Answer 4

Creates and maintains social connections between writer/speaker and the audience. Tends to be meaningless outside of a social context.

Question 5

What does the metalinguistic function describe?

Answer 5

Describes the language itself. Allows speakers to check if they have been understood correctly.

Question 6

The poetic function of language focuses on what?

Answer 6

More focus on the language itself, rather than on the communicators. Sometimes referred to as ‘aesthetic function’.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The function that allows speakers to express emotions and desires is called the _______.

Answer 7

[emotive function]

Question 8

True or False: The conative function aims to provide factual information.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

List the six functions of language mentioned.

Answer 9

Referential
Emotive
Conative
Phatic
Metalinguistic
Poetic

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The _______ function is used when language is employed to talk about language.

Answer 10

Metalinguistic function

Question 11

Turn-Taking (What are they, how does it flow)

Answer 11

Smoothness and interaction of speaker/s and listener/s (can they swap) uses verbal and non-verbal cues to signal the start of a turn, any interruptions, and the end of speech.

Question 12

Interlocutors

Answer 12

Any person who takes part in a conversation.

Question 13

Adjacency Pairs

Answer 13

Two-part conversational exchanges.

Question 14

What are some examples of adjacency pairs?

Answer 14

Question and answer, greetings, offer-acceptance.

Question 15

Backchanneling (include examples)

Answer 15

Signals that indicate that the listener is engaged. Eg “mhm” “yeah” “hmm” nodding

Question 16

Discourse Markers

Answer 16

Words / Phrases used to indicate or manage conversations. Can indicate topic shifts, attitude expression or provide transitions between turns. Eg, well, you know, so, like, i mean,

Question 17

Non-Fluency Features (List all)

Answer 17

Pauses, Filled Pauses / Hesitation, False Starts, Repetition, Repairs

Question 18

Hedge

Answer 18

Words that soften a statement “kind of” “maybe” “i guess”

Question 19

Prosodic Features (With definitions)

Answer 19

Intonation (Rise and fall of speech in a sentence)
Stress (emphasis on a particular word, phrase or syllables)
Tempo (How fast or slow one speaks)
Pitch (how high or low a whole sentence or phrase is)
Volume (how loud or quiet someone speaks)

Question 20

Slang

Answer 20

New words / phrases, typically group and context specific. very quick moving

Question 21

Taboo language

Answer 21

any phrases / words / expressions that are considered inappropriate within a group / community. can add emotion or humour when used

Question 22

Dysphemisms

Answer 22

intentionally harsh words / phrases that are derogatory

Question 23

Swearing / Profanity

Answer 23

sometimes offensive / inappropriate language. can be used to abuse / intimidate, add emphasis, convey an idea negatively, coping mechanism

Question 24

Positive Face Needs

Answer 24

Self-image, need to be liked, admired, respected and appreciated

Question 25

Positive Attending

Answer 25

Complimenting, agreeing, being humble, sharing / supporting, respecting, ingroup language

Question 26

Positive Threatening

Answer 26

disapproval, insults, accusations, complaints, being wrong, disagreements, contradiction, exclusive language

Question 27

Negative Face Needs

Answer 27

Acting without imposition, can do what want when and what manner without imposition on time / energy

Question 28

Negative Attending

Answer 28

Telling people what to do, avoiding offering / promising,

Question 29

Negative Threatening

Answer 29

Requests which demand / hint participation, offers which incur debt from others

Question 30

What is code switching?

Answer 30

Code switching is when a speaker switches between two or more languages in a single interaction or text.

Question 31

What are some purposes of code switching?

Answer 31

Code switching can be done for many purposes, including: * To demonstrate group membership and belonging * To reflect a shared cultural/linguistic background * To increase social bonds and solidarity