SAC 1 Word for Word

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

The genome is all the genetic information in an individual or cell.

Question 2

Gene regulation

Answer 2

Gene regulation is the cellular control of amount, or timing of appearance, of the functional product of a gene.

Question 3

Proteome

Answer 3

The entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a given time.

Question 4

Components of eukaryotic gene

Answer 4

Regulatory sequence
Promoter region
Start instruction
Exons
Introns
Terminator

Question 5

Components of prokaryotic gene

Answer 5

Promotor region
Operator region
Start instruction
Exons
Terminator

Question 6

Promoter region

Answer 6

RNA polymerase attachment site is upstream of all genes.

Question 7

Regulatory gene

Answer 7

Controls another gene, by coding for a transcription factor, like a repressor protein which can attach to the operator region.

Question 8

Structural gene

Answer 8

A gene that codes for protein that becomes part of the structure or function of an organism.

Question 9

Purpose of gene regulation

Answer 9

Save energy and allows for specialised cells

Question 10

Transcription factors

Answer 10

Bind to operator region (prokaryotes) or regulatory sequence (eukaryotes) and either help transcription occur or repress it.

Question 11

Primary structure protein

Answer 11

Sequence of amino acids

Question 12

Secondary structure protein

Answer 12

The folding of the primary structure into alpha helix and beta pleated sheets

Question 13

Tertiary structure protein

Answer 13

The 3D structure composed of folded secondary structures

Question 14

Quaternary structure protein

Answer 14

Two or more polypeptides joined together

Question 15

DNA primers

Answer 15

Short single-stranded DNA fragments that attach to DNA to allow the binding of DNA taq polymerase

Question 16

Endonuclease

Answer 16

Bacterial enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific recognition sequence

Question 17

Gene cloning

Answer 17

Making multiple copies of a gene, usually within bacteria in order to express the gene product

Question 18

Plasmid

Answer 18

Small ring of bacterial DNA can be used as a vector for DNA recombination and insertion

Question 19

Bacterial transformation

Answer 19

A process by which a bacterial cell takes up a recombinant plasmid and expresses the genes of the plasmid

Question 20

GMO

Answer 20

An organism whose genome has been altered

Question 21

TGO

Answer 21

Genetically modified organisms where genes from a different species are added to their genome

Question 22

DNA probe

Answer 22

A single-strand segment of DNA which is (radioactively) labelled.

Question 23

Purpose of PCR

Answer 23

To amplify target DNA, creating multiple identical copies this means that the volume of DNA is increased so there is enough to be analysed using gel electrophoresis