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HHD U3 > sac 2 > Flashcards

sac 2 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

life expectancy

A

number of years of life, on average, remaining an individual has at a particular age if death rates do not change

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2
Q

infectious + parasitic diseases

A

infectious diseases - tuberculosis, polio, smallpox, hepatitis, and STIs - eg. HIV.

parasitic diseases eg. worms/lice

most common cause of death in early 1900’s

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3
Q

poor living conditions diseases

A

cholera, smallpox, polio, measles, tuberculosis, whooping cough, diphtheria

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4
Q

children diseases 1911

A

gastroenteritis, diphtheria, scarlett fever, whooping cough, measles - death of one in every 30 live-born children = high rates of child mortality

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5
Q

cancer

A

death rates increase throughout 1900’s, peak 1980’s, then fall gradually.

increase in lung cancer due to high rates cigarette smoking in 1920’s.

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6
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

peak 1960’s
- decline in death rates from CVD since then

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7
Q

respiratory diseases

A

covid-19, pneumonia, influenza, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
spanish influenza pandemic - 1919

decrease death rates across 1900’s exception of spanish influenza

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8
Q

injury and poisoning

A

eg. motor vehicle accidents, suicide, assault, poisoning, drowning, burns/falls, and complications from medical and surgical care

death rates more than halved since 1900
- compulsory wearing of seatbelts 1970
- safer working conditions (early 1900 = toxic substances, physical injury due to limited occupational health and safety regulations

increased death rates recently from young people suicide, drug misuse

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9
Q

public health

A

the ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health status and prevent disease

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10
Q

deaths overseas

A

not counted as part of Australian official mortality statistics

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11
Q

old public health

A

Government actions that focus on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease such as providing safe water, sanitation and sewage disposal, improved nutrition, improved housing conditions and better work conditions.

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12
Q

aim of old public health

A

reduce prevalence of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases eg. smallpox, respiratory diseases eg. tuberculosis, and injuries
= resulted in increase life expectancy and decrease in maternal and child mortality rates

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13
Q

health promotion

A

process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

to bring abt individual behaviour change by making people more aware of the causes of ill health

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14
Q

sanitation

A

process of eliminating contact between humans and hazardous wastes, incl. human/animal faeces/urine, solid wastes, domestic wastewater, industrial wastes and agricultural wastes

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15
Q

old public health policies and practices

A
  • improved water and sanitation
  • better quality housing and fewer slums
  • better quality food and nutrition
  • introduction of quarantine laws
  • safer working conditions
  • more hygienic birthing practices
  • provision of antenatal and infant welfare services
  • mass immunisation programs
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16
Q

improved water

A

reduced infectious diseases - typhoid, cholera

improved infant and child mortality rates

improved life expectancy

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17
Q

sanitation + sewage systems result

A

reduced infectious diseases gastroenteritis, cholera, hepatitis

improved infant and child mortality rates

improved life expectancy

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18
Q

better quality housing and fewer slums

A

reduced deaths from respiratory diseases eg. pneumonia, influenza, and infectious diseases eg. typhoid, cholera

improved child mortality rates

improved life expectancy

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19
Q

better quality food and nutrition

A

reduction in stomach cancer

improved nutrition increased resistance to infectious and respiratory diseases

improved infant and child mortality rates

improved life expectancy

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20
Q

safer working conditions

A

reduced industrial related child deaths

reduction in workplace injuries

improved life expectancy

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21
Q

mass immunisation programs

A

reduction from infectious diseases eg. smallpox, polio, pertussis, tuberculosis, tetanus, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B and covid-19

improved child mortality rates

improved life expectancy

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22
Q

more hygienic birthing practices

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A

reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates

23
Q

provision of antenatal and infant welfare services

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A

reduced fertility rates and lower maternal mortality rates

reduced infant mortality rates

24
Q

introduction of quarantine laws

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A

reduction in infectious diseases

improved life expectancy

25
biomedical approach to health
focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness; a medical model practised by doctors and health professionals is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease
26
advancements in medical tech
vaccines eg. covid-19 vac, antibiotics eg. penicillin, ability to transplant body parts, sphygmomanometer - measure BP, stethoscope - listen to internal sounds, X-ray
27
strengths of biomedical approach
enables many illnesses and conditions to be treated effectively eg. medicines it extends life expectancy - treating cause of death = increase life expectancy improves quality of life and health adusted life expectancy - chronic conditions manageed w/ meds, surgery = reduced pain n suffering
28
limitations of biomedical
relies on professional health workers and technology, (therefore costly) - development in tech and knowledge = cost of training and equipment increase not every condition can be treated eg. type 1 diabetes genetic not always affordable - differences in health status between population grops
29
social model of health
an approach that recognises improvements in health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have had an impact on individuals and population groups
30
ottawa charter for health promotion
an approach to health developed by the WHO that aims to reduce inequalities in health. it reflects the social model of health and provides five action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health outcomes
31
action areas of the ottawa charter
- build healthy public policy - create supportive environments - strengthen community action - develop personal skills - reorient health services
32
build healthy public policy
decisions made by gov/org regarding laws/policies make it more difficult for people to undertake unhealthy behaviours n make healthier choices the easier choices eg. removing tax on unprocessed foods
33
create supportive environments
promote healthy physical and sociocultural environment that promotes H+W by being safe and enjoyable eg. providing safe work environment, ensuring smoke free environment, a support service for smokers wanting to quit - quitline
34
strengthen community action
building links b/w individuals n community community workig together to achive a common golal community gets sense of ownership over H+W eg. immunisation stratergies - parents schools doctors orking together to achieve higher immunisation rates for children
35
develop personal skills
education - gaining health related knowledge and skills that allow ppl to make informed decisions that may indirectly affect H+W eg. educating parents about importance of putting sunscreen on their children when they are out in the sun, cooking classes ran by community health centre
36
36
reorient health services
changing the health system so that it promotes H+W rather than just focusing on diagnosing and treating illness (biomedical model) addressing all factors that influence H+W not just diseases - health promotion eg. doctors focusing discussion around healthy eating rather than just medication ambulance workers proving road safety sessions for secondary students
37
strengths of social model of health
less expensive than biomedical approach - health promotion campaigns often cheaper than treating conditions once symptoms arise education can be passed on from generation to generation due to it using education to enhance H+W
38
limitations of social model of health
not every illness can be prevented eg. genetic conditions such as type 1 diabetes are very difficult to prevent health promotion messages may be ignored - relies on public cooperation
39
lung cancer
rapid increase in deaths in 1980 from tobacco smoking social model - antismoking health promotion campaigns in 1970's, 2017 increase on tax of cigarettes biomedical - lung cancer diagnosed through chest xrays, surgery to remove affected parts of the lungs
40
cardiovascular disease link to models fo health
medication to reduce blood pressure health promotion campaigns to encourage poeple to consume healthy diet
41
respiratory disease link to models
antibiotics to treat respiratory infections change to environments - reduce exposure of people to air contaminants
42
injury and poisoning link to models
surgery to repair broken bones laws relating to drink drivign
43
infectious and parasitic diseases link to models
conduct free vaccinations to prevent diseases antibiotics to treat
44
45
social justice
relates to fairness in society based on the following principles - human rights - access - participation - equity
46
social justice human rigths
freedoms and conditions that every person is entitled to regardless of factors such as age, sex, race.
47
social justice access
all people must have adequate access to the resources and opportunities they need to thrive eg. water, education and to participate in the decisions that affect their lives such as if and when they get married
48
social justice participation
everyone in society has opportunity to participate in their community and have their voice represented
49
social justice equity
disadvantaged individuals and groups need to have their specific challenges addressed so they can achieve same level of H+W as others in the population - providing more support for those who need it
50
evaluate ATSIP initiatives
action areas of ottawa charter evident, improvemnts to H+W, feedback provided by participant
51
physical health n wellbeing
relates to state and functioning of the body and its systems - physical capacity to preform daily activities or tasks - able to preform daily tasks - optimal energy levels - well functioning body systmes, orgnas
52
social health and wellbeing
relates to the state and quality of the interactions and relationships that an individual has with other people - incl. the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations - effective communication with others - supportive family - supportive network of friends - ability to adapt to differnt social situations

HHD U3 (1 decks)

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