Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HHD 3/4 > SAC 3 - AOS 2 > Flashcards

SAC 3 - AOS 2 Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Public Health

A

the ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health status and prevent disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Old public health

A

Government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Old public health policies and practices

A
  • improved water + sanitation
  • better quality housing and fewer slums
  • better quality food and nutrition
  • quarantine laws
  • safer working conditions
  • more hygeninc birthing practices
  • Antenatal and infant welfare services
  • Establishment of public health campaigns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biomedical model of health

A

Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Features of the biomedical approach

A
  • focuses on ill individuals
  • relies on technology to diagnose and treat
  • concerned w/ disease, illness and disability
  • quick fix approach
  • doctors, specialists, and nurses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biomedical model: diagnosis

A
  • body temp
  • blood/urine tests
  • ultra sounds
  • x-rays
  • MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biomedical model: treatments

A
  • surgery
  • hospitalisation
  • drug prescription
  • health professionals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biomedical model: advantages

A
  • it extends life expectancy
  • enables many illnesses and conditions to be effectively treated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biomedical model: disadvantages

A
  • isn’t always affordable
  • not every condition can be treated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Social model of health

A

an approach that recognises improvements in health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Social model: advantages

A
  • less expensive than the biomedical approach
  • promotes good H+W and assists in preventing diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Social model: disadvantages

A
  • health promotion messages may be ignored
  • not every illness or condition can be prevented
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Health promotion

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ottawa Charter action areas
(Bad Cats Smell Dead Rats)

A
  1. Build healthy public policy
  2. Create supportive environments
  3. Strengthen community action
  4. Develop personal skills
  5. Reorient health services
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Build Healthy Public Policy

A

laws + policies made by government or organisations
EXAMPLES:
- remove GST tax on healthy food
- increase tax on tobacco + alcohol
- ban smoking in public areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Create Supportive Environments

A

recognises the imoact of physical and sociocultural environments on the promotion of health
EXAMPLES:
- establishment of quitlines
- safe working environments
- shaded areas in schools
- supportive family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Strengthen Community Action

A

building links between individuals and communities to work towards a common health goal
EXAMPLES:
- immunisation strategy
- CAAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Develop Personal Skills

A

gaining health related knowledge and skills to make informed health decisions
EXAMPLES:
- cooking classes for community
- Quit campaign w/ advice
- educating parents on sunscreen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reorient health services

A

changing health system to promote health rather than diagnose or treat
EXAMPLES:
- medical professionals recommending physical activity
- doctors focusing on healthy diet not just surgeries
- Dietitian conducting cooking classes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Relationship between Biomedical and Sociocultural model of health

A

Sociocultural addresses the broader issues of health and campaigns for them, whilst the biomedical model works alongside them using medical technology to diagnose + treat people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Social Justice

A

fairness within society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is social justice based on? (HAPE)

A

Human Rights
Access
Participation
Equity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Human Rights

A

freedoms and conditions that every person is entitled to regardless of factors such as race, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, age and sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Access

A

All people should have access to the resources and opportunities they need to thrive, including food, safe water, shelter, education, employment, income and health care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Participation
everyone in society has the opportunity to participate in their community and have their voice represented
26
Equity
disadvantaged individuals and groups need to have their specific challenges addressed, so they can achieve the same level of health and wellbeing as others in the population
27
Evaluating healthy eating Programs
- ease of understanding - access - inclusiveness - relevance - effectiveness - sustainability
28
Guideline 1
To achive and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs.
29
Guideline 2
Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the following five groups everyday and drink plenty of water.
30
Guideline 3
Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
31
Guideline 4
Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding.
32
Guideline 5
Care for your food; prepare and store it safely.
33
Australian Dietary Guidelines: strengths (2)
- advice for individuals w/ different needs - free to download (no cost)
34
Australian Dietary Guidelines: limitations (2)
- only available in english - hard to follow for people w/ low literacy
35
Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE)
intended to be used by consumers to assist them in planning, selecting and consuming adequate proportions of foods from the five food groups
36
5 food groups represented in AGHE
- grain foods - vegetables - meats and meat alternatives - fruit - milk and dairy products or alternatives
37
AGHE: strengths
- translated into 10 languages - visual representation of guideline 2 and 3
38
AGHE: limitations
- doesn't give serving sizes or numbers, just shows the proportions - no specific advice for people w/ dietary conditions or needs
39
Indigenous Guide to Healthy Eating
includes trtaditional foods such as: - kangaroo - goanna - cran meet - bush fruit + veg - damper
40
Challenges in bringing aboit nutritional change (4)
- Personal factors - Soociocultural factors - Commerical factors - Environmental factors
41
Personal factors
- taste preferences - attitudes and beliefs - H+W factors such as allergies and intolerances
42
Sociocultural factors
- SES (education, income, occupation) - employment status - family + peer influence
43
Commercial factors
- supply chains - distribution and affordability - processing - packaging and labelling - lobbying - marketing stratergies - media use
44
Environmental factors
- geographic location - workplaces - housing - transport
45
Medicare
Medicare is Australia’s universal health insurance scheme. Established in 1984 and administered by the Federal Government, Medicare gives all Australians, permanent residents and people from countries with a reciprocal agreement access to subsidised healthcare.
46
Services covered by Medicare
- doctor + specialist consultations - x-rays - blood + urine tests - public hospital accomodation
47
Bulk billing
when a doctor doesn't charge over $41.40 of standard consultation - out of pocket expense - charged over amount
48
Medicare safety net
provides extra financial assistance for those that incur significant out of pocket costs for Medicare services - government support
49
Medicare: advantages (2)
- available to all AUS citizens - reciprocal agreement, w other counties allowing AUS citizens for free healthcare in selected countries
50
Medicare: disadvantages (2)
- no choice of doctor for in-hospital treatments - waiting lists for many treatments
51
How is medicare funded?
1. Medicare levy - 2% levy on taxable income 2. Medicare levy surcharge - high income earners have to pay an additional 1-1.5% tax ontop of the 2% 3. General taxation
52
PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme)
provides a range of essential medicines at affordable prices to Australian citizens by subsidising the cost of these medications
53
PBS Safety Net
Once someones spent a certain amount on PBS listed medication, the patient pays only a concessional co-payment rate.
54
PBS - listing medications
takes into account: - medical condition the medicine is used for - clinical affectiveness - safety - cost effectiveness (value for money)
55
How does PBS improve AUS hs?
by providing access to essential medicines when necessary at a subsidised cost
56
NDIS (National Disablity Insurance Scheme)
a national insurance scheme that provides services and support for people with permanent AND significant disabilities and their families and carers. - funded by state + federal gov
57
Eligibility criteria for the NDIS
Residency - AUS citizen, or permanent visa Disability requirements: - condition must be permanent - reduce ability to participate in daily activities
58
NDIS assists participants to:
- Access mainstream services and supports - Access community services and supports - Maintain informal support arrangements - Receive reasonable and necessary funded supports
59
Private Health Insurance
a type of insurance under which members pay a premium in return for payment towards health related costs not covered by Medicare. 3 types of PHI that can be purcashed: - hospital cover - ancillary (extras) - combined cover
60
PHI - incentives
1. private health insurance rebate 2. lifetime health cover 3. medicare levy surcharge 4. age-based discount
61
PHI: Private Health Insurance Rebate
Gov pays some australians a rebate (refund) for their extras and to cover their premiums
62
PHI: Lifetime Health cover
encourage people to take out hospital insurance earlier in life and to maintain their cover - People who take up PHI after the age of 31 pay an extra 2% on their premiums for every year they are over the age of 30.
63
PHI: Medicare Levy Surcharge
People with an income higher a certain amount and who do not have private health insurance pay an extra of between 1 – 1.5%.
64
PHI: Age based discount
Young people ages 18-29 can receive a discount up to 10% for hospital cover.
65
Private Health Insurance: advantages (3)
- access to private health care - choice of doctor in any hospital - get extras
66
Private Health Insurance: disadvantages (3)
- costly (may not need to use PHI) - qualify periods for some conditions (pregnancy) - complex policies to understand
67
Funding and Medicare
medicare funds part or all of the fees associated w/ health services - including doctors, specialists etc
68
Funding and PBS
essentail medicines are subsidised through the PBS providing treatment for many conditions, promoting health outcomes
69
Funding and NDIS
provide a funding for a range of resources that promote health status - carers who provide suppory with daily living and staying socially connected
70
Funding and PHI
funding for private hospitals which are responsible for around 40% of hospital treatments
71
Sustainability and Medicare
determining which servicces will be subsidised through medicare can preserve funds for the most necessary services, yielding the greatest gains in health outcomes
72
Sustainability and PBS
continually reviewing in medicines available through the PBS means those that will have the greatest benefits are prioritised which assists in keeping the scheme sustainable
73
Sustainability and NDIS
each participant in the NDIS recieves an individual plan whicb means that only necessary funds are spent on each person.
74
Sustainability and PHI
Private health insurance rebate and lifetime health cover assists in maximising the funding gained through the private system, meaning more people are treated in private system, reducing strain on public systems.
75
Access and Medicare
medicare provides access to people of all socioeconomic backgrounds to services such as doctors, consulations, and tretament in public hospitals
76
Access and PBS
All AUS citizens and permanent residents are entitiled to access subsidised medicines thought the PBS
77
Access and NDIS
improves access to health services for people with significant life-long disabilities.
78
Access and PHI
the federal governments private healtj insurance rebate increases access to private health insurance for those on lower incomes.
79
Equity and Medicare
Medicare safety net requires frequent servicces covered by medica such as doctors, providing extra financial support.
80
Equity and PBS
PBS safety net further protects individuals and families from large overall expenses for PBS listed medicines.
81
Equity and NDIS
the individualised plan developed as a part of the NDIS ensures that those with more significant needs, receive more assistance
82
Equity and PHI
those on lower incomes receive more financial assistance through the PHI rebate.

HHD 3/4 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions