SAC 3 - improved health since 1900s Flashcards
(28 cards)
INFECTIOUS diseases
Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person to another. Eg – Tuberculosis, Polio, smallpox, hepatitis and syphilis
PARASITIC DISEASES
Parasitic diseases occur when a parasite (worms, skin mites, body lice and protozoa) enter the body through contaminated food or water, contact with others who have parasites on their skin or hair.
CANCER
Cancer rates increased during the 20th Century reaching a peak in 1980’s and gradually decreasing between 2000 and 2013.
5 broad things of Disease
infectious and parasitic diseases, cancers (neoplasms), cardiovascular diseases, injury and poisoning and respiratory diseases.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
These diseases include heart attach, angina, stroke and high blood pressure.
CVDs involve the heart and blood vessels, and interfere with how the blood is circulated throughout the body. .
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Diseases that affect the lungs and other parts of the body involved in breathing.
Pneumonia, influenza, asthma
INJURY and POISONING
Includes deaths from motor vehicle accidents and other accidents, suicide, assault, poisoning, drowning, burns and falls and complications from medical and surgical care.
Sanitation
the process of eliminating contact
between humans and hazardous wastes, including
human and animal wastes, domestic wastewater
(sewage and grey water), industrial wastes and
agricultural wastes.
Old Public Health
Government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease, such as providing safe water, sanitation and sewage disposal, improved nutrition, improved housing conditions and better work conditions.
old health public policies
- Improved water and sanitation
- Better quality housing and fewer slums
- better quality food and nutrition
- quarantine laws
- safer work conditions
- more hygienic birth practices
- Provision of infant welfare services
- mass immunisation programs
- improved work conditions
Government Policy, such as the Public Health Act, brought about funding for improvement in the following areas:
Water and Sanitation
Nutrition
Housing Conditions
Improved work conditions
Government legislation and policy improved unsafe and inhumane conditions reducing work related injuries and death.
quarantine laws
Quarantine was introduced to isolate those in the community who were ill, reducing the spread of illness and diseases, and reducing the death of children.
biomedical model
Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and/or health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.
Biological model of health promotion
Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and/or health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.
Strengths of the biomedical model of health
- Funding brings improvements in technology and research
- Many diseases can be effectively treated
- Extends life expectancy
Improves quality of life and HALE
weakness of the biomedical of health
- It relies on health professionals and medical technology and is therefore costly
- It doesn’t always promote good health and wellbeing (treats the problem, not the cause)
- Not every condition can be treated
- It’s a 1 on 1 model and this can make it costly, therefore not all people can afford it
Social Model of Health:
An approach that recognises improvements in health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups.
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
an approach to health developed by the World Health Organisation that aims to reduce inequalities in health. It reflects the social model of health and provides five action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health outcomes.
Health promotion
process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion therefore focuses on prevention rather than cure and uses the causes of disease as the starting point rather than diseases themselves.
Build Healthy Public Policy
Decisions made by governments and organisations regarding laws and
policies that affect health and well-being.
Create Supportive Environments
Supportive environments promote health and well-being by helping people practice healthy behaviours.
Strengthen community action
Focus is building links between individuals and the community to build a common health related goal.
Develop personal skills
Focus of this action area is Education. Education related to gaining health related knowledge and skills that allow people to make informed Decisions.
