Sac 3.3 Flashcards

Question

Ottowa Charter

Answer 1

Developed by the WHO, aims to reduce inequalities, reflects social model of health and provides five action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health out comes Building healthy public policy Creates supportive environments Strengthen community action Develop personal skills Reorient health services

Answer 2

Directly relates to the decisions made by government and organisations regarding laws and policies that make it more difficult for people to undertake unhealthy behaviours e.g. remove GST on unprocessed foods (easier to purchase), increasing tax on tobacco and alcohol (limits amount consumed), compulsory wearing of seatbelts

Answer 3

recognises the impact that the broader determinants have on health and wellbeing and health status aims to promote a healthy physical and sociocultural environment promotes health and wellbeing by safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable E.g. establishment of quitline, providing safer working environment, provide shaded areas in school grounds (reduce UV exposure), supportive family in which healthy behaviour is encouraged

Answer 4

Focuses on building links between individuals and community Centres around community working to achieve a common goal Giving community a sense of ownership E.g. central Australian aboriginal centre (CAAC) as a health service provider, immunisation strategy - involves media, doctors, schools and parents working together to achieve higher immunisation rates for children

Answer 5

Education is the main aspect - helps gain health-related knowledge and skills that allow people to make informed decision that indirectly affect health and wellbeing Education can occur through school and work settings, families and government and non-government organisations E.g. community health centre running cooking classes for community, quit campaign educating people about harmful effects of smoking, educating parents about importance of sunscreen for young children

Answer 6

Changing the health system so that it promotes health and wellbeing rather than just diagnosing and treating Addresses factors that influence h + wb not just diseases requires shift towards health promotion, which includes doctors taking on the role of educator

Answer 7

promotes good health and wellbeing - assists in preventing diseases Takes more holistic approach to health and wellbeing less expensive focuses on vulnerable groups education can be passed on from generation to generation responsibility for h + wb is shared

Answer 8

not every illness or issue can be prevented does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge doesn't address the h + wb concerns of individuals health promotion messages may be ignored

Answer 9

Similarities - funded by government, work towards better health outcomes

Answer 10

create conditions that encourage healthier lives and prevent ill health cost of preventing ill health is significantlu lower than the cost of treating diseases and injuries

Answer 11

Quit victoria is a program run by Cancer Council Victoria, funded by the Victorian Government and VicHealth Quit victoria aims to decrease the use oif both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes by assisting individuals to quit and preventing uptake of these behaviours Quitline specialists provide callers with a plan for quitting that is tailored to their individual needs link callers up with local support groups

Answer 12

provides sports clubs with free tools, resources and practical support to reduce negative impacts of alcohol misuse helps clubs prpare for potential drug-related issues by assisting in the develkopmetn and implementation of illegal drug policies in the form of information and expert advise young club members provided with lifelong, decision-making skills that reduce potential harms parents and clubs reduce junior players' exposure to alochol, tobacco and illicit drugs create positive playing environments and equipping older players to act as positive role models promotes healthy and iclusive conversations around mental health

Answer 13

Developed by road safety vic in collab with partners; transport accident commission, vic police, department of justice and community safety, department of health and human services aims to have road toll by 2030, eliminate accident deaths by 2050, by addressinf a range of factors that contirbute to road-related injuries, such as infrastructure, road laws, human behaviour and vehicle safety

Answer 14

Initiative of Cancer Council Victoria, launched 1988 used paid and unpaid media strategies (television, radio, print, digital and public relations activitites)

Answer 15

program is implemented by Vic Department of Health and Cancer Council Vic which works togetehr with Heart Foundation WA and Cancer Council WA Works to healo people eat well, be physically active and avoid excess weight gain Less promotion of junk food, better access to healthy food for all, improved food labelling and infrastructure and policies to ensure people to be more active develops policies that workplace can use to promote healthy eating and physical activity (e.g. traffic light system)

Answer 16

Closing the Gap Deadly choices initiative The 2Spirits program Tackling Indigenous Smoking (TIS) Initiative

Answer 17

goal is to improve health and life expectancy, so it reaches same standard as rest of Aus population by 2031 Related to improving health outcomes, educational attainment, employment and housing, reducing incarceration, out of home care, violence and suicide and promoting legal right srelating to land and water

Answer 18

1. close life expectancy gap 2. increase proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander babies with a healthy birthweight to 91% 3. Increase proportion of indigenous youth who are in employment, education or training to 67% 4. increase proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strai Islander people living in appropriately sized (not overcrowded) housing to 88% 5. A significant and sustained decrease in violence and abuse experienced by aboriginal and torres strait islander women and children towards zero 6. significant and sustained reduction in suicide of indigenous people towards zero

Answer 19

Encourages and empowers indigenous people to make healthy choices for themselves and families - stop smoking, eat healthy and exercise daily Initiative provides a range of education programs, including tobacco cessation programs and cooking programs Culturally appropriate health care system has been shown to increase rate at which indigenous people access health care Promotes social justice by providing access to education and healthcare - promotes equity

Answer 20

Embraces a 'whole community approach' to improve sexual health and wellbeing of indigenous gaymen and sistergirls through education, prevention, health promotion and community Resources incl. - printed campaigns, peer education workshops, professional development program, retreats for gay men, sistergirls and people living with HIV, social support groups

Answer 21

Works to improve life expectancy among aboriginal and torres strait islander people by reducing tobacco use Local organisations run activities to reduce smoking rates empowers people and gives people the resources necessary to allow them to thrive, including education and healthcare

Answer 22

1. actual improvements in HWB 2. number of people participating in the initiatives 3. feedback provided by participants 4. action areas of the ottawa charter that are evident 5. are they culturally appropriate 6. has the specific need of the target group been taken into consideration 7. funding has been provided 8. whether it addresses significant health issues for indigenous people

Answer 23

associated with lower rates of disease and improved health outcomes inadequate food intakes contribute to BOD in Australia (especially obesity, cardiovascular disease, some cancers and type 2 diabetes) prevalence of these conditions is high and is predicted to increase if food behaviours are not modified among many australians

Answer 24

Ease of understanding - visual guides for lower literacy individuals. resources available in multiple languages means it also reaches linguistically diverse populations access- being able to access resources free removes financial barriers. online access removes geographical barriers inclusiveness - relates to all groups within Austrlaia benefiting from the intiative relevance - should work to significant needs of the community - work towards their stated objectives effectiveness - degree to which program reaches or is expected to reach the objectives across all population groups sustainability - relates to the impacts of the program being able to continue in the future

Answer 25

develped by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHRMC) - fed gov't body, reviewed/updated in 2013 Eating too much energy-dense foods and not enough fruit and veg are two examples of trends designed to be addressed by the guidelines intended to be used by health professionals, educators, industry bodies and other parties interested in promoting healthy eating aimed at all people in the general healthy population, including those with common diet-related risk factors, but not for those with serious medical conditions (as those people need specialised dietary advice

Answer 26

1. develop healthy dietary patterns 2. reduce risk of developing diet-related conditions 3. reduce risk of developing chronic conditions

Answer 27

To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs

Answer 28

being overweight increase risk of high blood pressure, muscle, bone and respiratory disorders chronic disease inlcuding type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke and some cancers

Answer 29

Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day

Answer 30

current consumption patterns contribute to obesity, increase risk of chronic disease (cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and several cancers)

Answer 31

Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol

Answer 32

Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding

Answer 33

breast milk is ideal food for infant growth and development until around six months old provides unique mix of nutrients and other substances - reduce risk of infection and may also reduce risk of asthma, eczema and other allergies, sudden infant death syndrome, risk of high blood pressure and risk of becoming obese in childhood, adolescence and adulthood can help recovery of mother and may also help return to pre-pregnancy weight and reduce risk of cancers

Answer 34

Care for your food, prepre and store safely

Answer 35

more than five million cases of foodborne illnesses are estimated to occur every year in australia particulary fresh foods need to be ransported, stored and prepared properly to avoid contamination

Answer 36

useful model that provides basic nutrition guidleines however it does not provide information of serving size and can therefore make the model difficult to follow

Answer 37

Adapted from the AGHE Shows the five food groups in proportions intended to be consumed Promotes water consumption Suggests limiting discretionary foods Recommends to include small amounts of healthier fats

Answer 38

The aboriginal and torres strait islander guide to healthy eating includes references to traditional foods (kangaroo, goanna, crab meat, bush fruits/veg and damper)

Answer 39

translated into over 10 languages, increasinf ability of those in linguistically diverse groups to utilise it apply to people of all ages, meaning parents can use them to guide food intake of themselves and their children without variation based on guidelines 2 and 3 - assist in effectiveness in addressing significant health outcomes including obesity provide visual representation of aus guidelines 2 and 3, can make it easier for people to understand and follow range of foods are included from different cultures, which can assist different groups in improving their food intake

Answer 40

show proportions in whihc five food groups should be consumed but don't provide information on serving sizes or numbers, which may mean that people consume too much or not enough food overall don't provide examples of composite foods such as pizza or casserole, which can make them difficult to follow do not provide specific advice for people with dietar conditions or needs, which reduces the number of people who can benefit them

Answer 41

Personal Factors Sociocultural factors Environmental factors

Answer 42

relates to characteristics of individuals that influence food intake Willpower and taste preferences Attitudes and beliefs Health and Wellbeing factors

Answer 43

perception that healthy foods are bland or tasteless ignoring the potential negative effects of unhealthy foods philosophical beliefs such as vegetarian or organic preferences restricting certain foods which leads to under-consumption of certain nutrients

Answer 44

relates to aspescts of a person's society and culture that influence food intake Socioeconomic status Employment status Family and Peer Group Commercial Factors

Answer 45

relate to the elements of the physical environment that influence food intake Geographic location Workplace Housing environment Transport

Answer 46

most people prefer certain foods to others foods high in fat, salt nd sugar are known as flavour enhancers because they stimulate the taste buds and the brain's reward system by releasing dopamine preferences are built over a period of time and can therefore be difficult to change

Answer 47

ommitting foods due to allergy can contribute to difficulty in following the health promotion initiatives such as the ADGs and AGHE, especially if an individual lacks knowledge of substitutes that provide the nutrients they may be lacking people use food as 'cmfort food' for whent they have a bad day, usually unhealthy food which releases dopamine as a coping mechanism

Answer 48

lack of nutritional knowledge/cooking skill often predisposes people to consume unhealthy meals lack of education (health literacy) makes consumers believe that they are consuming healthy foods bcause they dont have the skills to accurately assess their current food intake difficulty in reading labels and lack of understanding size portion creates more challenges lower education, nutritional knowledge and cooking skill can mean people who want to change their dietary habits may lack in the resources to do so income impacts affordablity certain occupations such as truck drivers may rely on the foods offered from outlets closest to the place of employment - often fast food places are convenient and cheaper

Answer 49

convenience foods are often consumed in a home where parents are both wokring full time jobs and don't have time to cook or purchase fresh ingredients and prepare a meal from scratch

Answer 50

people who live outside major cities have limited options - processed food can be kept longer suburbs where socioeconomic disadvantage is greater are often the suburbs with the highest number of fast food outlets fast food is usually high in fat, salt, and sugar living in close proximity to such venues may increase likelihood of people consuming these foods

Answer 51

cultural and religious background of a family may include ties to traditional foods familiarity with specific foods can make it difficult to change to other non familiar foods who an individuals hangs out with and how they consume food can influence an individual (especially children)

Answer 52

suppy chains - process food goes through when produced - determine price of food distribution and affordability - costs of transport, costs of buying foods from suppliers processing - manufacturers `re able to include additives to products for purpose of enhancing flavour packaging and labelling - often used as marketing tool, peoplke drawn to particular items as they say 'fat free' but they may have more sugars lobbying - lobby governments in relation to issues such as trade agreements, marketing of fast foods, introduction of health promotion interventions such as higher GST on energy dense foods marketing strategies and media - actively markets its foods to conusmers in multiple ways, can create conflicting messages impacting ability to choose healthy foods

Answer 53

some workplaces provide opportunities for employees to access food during breaks from workplace canteens hospitality staff are often provided a meal some workplaces do not have access to cooking facilities which decreases the types of foods employees can prepare for themselves limiting nutritional variety

Answer 54

Meals are often consumed in the home and the facilities available in the housing environment influence options available lack of access to facilities impacts the manner in which people store and prepare their food

Answer 55

Many people require some form of transport to access food outlets in their neighbourhoods lack access to transport can mean people must rely on local foods/stores close to their homes or that can be delivered

Sac 3.3 Flashcards

Chapters 5, 6 & 7 (79 cards)