SAC2

Question 1

excitability/ irritability

Answer 1

ability to recieve and respond to stimuli

Question 2

contractibility

Answer 2

ability for muscle to shorten forcibly

Question 3

extensibility

Answer 3

ability for muscle to be stretched or extended

Question 4

elasticity

Answer 4

ability for a muscle to recoil and resume original resting length

Question 5

isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 5

muscles change in length

Question 6

concentric muscle contraction

Answer 6

muscle shortens

Question 7

eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 7

muscle lengthens

Question 8

agonist

Answer 8

contracting muscle

Question 9

antagonist

Answer 9

relaxing muscle

Question 10

hinge joint

Answer 10

flexion extension eg.knee elbow philanges

Question 11

ball and socket joint

Answer 11

adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion, extension

eg. shoulder and hip

Question 12

pivot joint

Answer 12

left to right rotation

eg. C1 C2

Question 13

plane joint

Answer 13

sliding gliding.

eg. btw tarsals clavicle

Question 14

saddle joint

Answer 14

rotation

eg. thumb

Question 15

condyloid

Answer 15

adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion extension

eg. wrist

Question 16

synovial joint; ligament

Answer 16

fibrous tissue

connect bone to bone

Question 17

synovial joint; synovial fluid

Answer 17

slippery fluid

reduce friction btw articular cartilage and joint

Question 18

synovial joint; articular cartilage

Answer 18

glassy-smooth cartilage, covers end of bones

shock absorber and prevent friction

Question 19

synovial joint; joint capsule

Answer 19

fibrous tissue 2x layers

strengthens joint

Question 20

fibrous joints

Answer 20

tough connective tissue

no movement, increase stability, lines btw skull

Question 21

cartilagenous joint

Answer 21

connected entirely by cartilage

act as shock absorber eg ribs vertebra

Question 22

synovial joint

Answer 22

space w capsule btw 2 articulating bones

movement

Question 23

cartilage

Answer 23

func - shock absorption, joint lub reduce friction
struct- avascular therefore no blood supply slow healing

Question 24

ligaments

Answer 24

strong fibrous band of connective tissue, slightly elastic

connect bone to bone ; increase stability,

Question 25

tendons

Answer 25

soft connective tissue, less elastic | connect muscle to bone ; transfer force between to make moves

Question 26

long bone

Answer 26

2 extremities and shaft length > width eg. femur, tibia, phalanges

Question 27

short bone

Answer 27

roughly cubicle width = length eg. carpals, tarsals

Question 28

irregular bones

Answer 28

no regular shape / characteristics | eg. vertebra and some skull bones

Question 29

flat bones

Answer 29

flat area for muscles to attach, usually enclose cavities to protect organs eg. sternum, ribs

Question 30

sesamoid bones

Answer 30

small bones developed in tendons around some joints | eg. patella / knee cap

Question 31

vertebra divisions

Answer 31

- cervical (7 bones) - thoracic (12 bones) - lumbar (5 bones) - sacral ( 5 fused bones) - coccygeal ( 4 fused bones)

Question 32

osteoblasts

Answer 32

build up bones, repair old ones, make new

Question 33

osteoclasts

Answer 33

breakdown bone, help remould injured ones

Question 34

osteocytes

Answer 34

communication in bone tissue | connection btw osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Question 35

Compact bone

Answer 35

(cortical) hard outer layer dense, strong, durable

Question 36

spongy bone

Answer 36

(cancellous, trabecular) network of rod like structures lighter, less dense, flexible

Question 37

epidermis

Answer 37

superificial layer no blood vessels/nerve endings varies in density

Question 38

dermis

Answer 38

2nd layer blood vessels/nerve endings, sweat glands/ducts, hair and errector pili muscles collagen and connective tissue

Question 39

subcutaneous

Answer 39

(hypodermis) layer of tissue, adipose fat and collagen cells - acts as insulator, shock absorber, energy source bc its fatty

Question 40

skin function

Answer 40

P.A.S.T.E.D

Question 41

bone function

Answer 41

P.M.B.R.B.C.P.S

Question 42

hair function

Answer 42

1. body temperature 2. protection 3. sense organ

Question 43

nail function

Answer 43

prevent bone damage, grasp, dig, itch | hard keratin plates

Question 44

sweat glands

Answer 44

eccrine - discharge NaCl + water directly onto skin | appocrine - ducts open into hair follicles, acted on by bacteria

Question 45

sebaceous (oil) gland

Answer 45

``` struc - epithelial cells func - secrete sebum, to keep hair follicles soft, prevent skin drying ```

Question 46

main muscles in quads

Answer 46

FRONT - sartorius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris BACK. - bicep femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 47

main arm muscles

Answer 47

FRONT - bicep branchi, deltoid, branchioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris BACK - tricep branchi