Sacrum and Pelvis

Question 1

What does a (-) spring test indicate?

Answer 1

A negative spring test is found when there IS spring when anterior pressure is applied to the sacral base.

The spring test is (-) in forward sacral torsions (L on L or R on R( and unilateral sacral flexions.

Question 2

What is a (+) spring test?

Answer 2

A positive spring test is restricted or absent motion when anterior pressure is applied to the sacral base.

Positive tests are found only in backward torsions (L on R/ R on L) and extension dysfunctions

Question 3

L5 mechanics

L5 will always rotate __________ direction from the sacrum?

L5 will always side bend _________.

Answer 3

L5 will always rotate opposite of a torsion

L5 will side bend in the to the same side as the axis

Question 4

What are the 4 rules for the interaction between the sacrum and L5?

Answer 4

1. Clinicaly significan interactions between L5 and the sacrum occur only during sacral torsions
2. L5 will always be sidebent to the same side as the axis of the sacral torsion
3. Seated flexion is positive on the OPPOSITE side of the sacral torsion
4. L5 will always be rotated to the opposite direction of the rotation of the sacral torsion.

Question 5

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 5

The inguinal ligament attaches to the pubic tubercle and to the ipsilateral ASIS.

A tense ligament would cause the innominate to be inferior, anterior, and medial and the pubis to be superior.