SAFe PO/PM Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What is SAFe for lean enterprises?
A
A knowledge base of proven, integrated principles, practices, and competencies for achieving business agility by implementing lean, agile, and dev ops at scale.
2
Q
What is a value stream?
A
Represents the series or steps an organization undertakes to deliver a product or service to a customer.
Contains the systems, the people who do the work, and the flow of information and materials.
3
Q
What are the three building blocks of a value stream?
A
System, people who do the work, and the flow of information and materials.
4
Q
What are the two value streams?
A
Operational and Development
5
Q
What is an Operational Value Stream?
A
The sequence of activities needed to deliver a product or service to a customer.
Ex. manufacturing a product, fulfilling an ecommerce order, providing a loan
6
Q
What are the benefits of an operational value stream?
A
Fewer handoffs and delays
Focus on value instead of tasks or tickets
Early feedback and better budgeting
7
Q
What is a development value stream?
A
The sequence of actives needed to convert a business hypothesis into a technology enabled solution that delivers customer value?
8
Q
What are the four steps of a development value stream?
A
Feature request > Define > Build > Test > Release
9
Q
What is the relationship of operational value streams to development value streams?
A
one to many
10
Q
Which value stream converts a business hypothesis into a technology enabled solution?
A
Development value stream
11
Q
What is the kickoff of a development value stream?
A
Feature request
12
Q
What is a solution?
A
A product, service, or system delivered to the customer - internal or external.
13
Q
A ____ is a product service or system delivered to the customer whether internal or external, to the enterprise?
A
Solution
14
Q
How many solutions does each development value stream produce?
A
One or more
15
Q
______ enable operational value streams?
A
Solutions
16
Q
Operational value streams for TTC include?
A
Truck program, van program, autonomous programs
17
Q
What are the four pillars of the house of lean?
A
Respect for people and culture.
Flow
Innovation
Relentless Improvement
18
Q
Agile Manifesto
A
Individuals and interactions over process and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
19
Q
What is the primary measure of progress in the agile manifesto?
A
Working Software
20
Q
SAFe Lean-Agile Principles
A
- Take an economic view
- apply systems thinking
- Assume variability
- Build incrementally with fast, integrated cycles
- Base milestones on objective evaluation of working systems
- Visualize and limit WIP, reduce batch size, and manage queue lengths
- Apply cadence, synchronize with cross-domain planning
- Unlock the intrinsic motivation of knowledge workers
- Decentralize decision making
- Organize around value
21
Q
How many people in an agile team?
A
5-11
22
Q
What does an agile team use for agility?
A
Scrum or Kanban
23
Q
What is the goal of an agile team?
A
Deliver value every iteration
24
Q
What is the basic building block of the SAFe enterprise?
A
Agile Team
25
What are the responsibilities of the Agile team?
1. Create and refine stories and acceptance criteria
2. Define, build, test, and deliver stories
3. Develop and commit to team PI objectives and iteration plans
26
How many teams and individuals on an ART?
5 to 12 teams, 50 to 125 individuals
27
What is the goal of an ART?
Achieving continuous flow of value (long lasting)
28
When do POs coordinate dependencies?
PO Sync
29
What is the PI system demo a part of?
The IA workshop (Inspect and adapt)
30
___ is the process that deploys new functionality into production and releases it immediately or incrementally to customers based on demand?
Release on Demand
31
What are the four parts of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
Continuous Exploration
Continuous Integration
Continuous Deployment
Release on Demand
32
What are the four activities of release on demand?
Release
Stabilize and operation
Measure
Learn
33
_____ is the primary mechanism used to track and measure data usage against the hypothesis.
Application Telemetry
34
What ____ is a set of events that occur repeatedly on a predictable cadence?
Market Rhythm
35
What _____ is a one-time future event, which has a high probability of materially affecting one or more solutions?
A market Event
36
What three things should a PM do during pre PI planning?
Create/update Vision
Create/update Roadmap
Socialize to 10 features
37
How long is a PI?
8-12 weeks
38
A __________ is a timebox during an ART that delivers incremental value in the form of working, tested software and systems.
Program Increment
39
How long is a PI planning?
Two days in person, 4 days virtual
40
Who owns feature priorities during a PI?
Product Managers
41
What is one goal of the PI planning process?
Create PI Objectives
42
A _____ is a description of the future state of the product or solution.
Vision
43
What is included in the vision?
Where are we headed with the solution?
What problem do we solve?
What features and benefit hypothesis do we think it provides?
Who does it benefit?
What NFRs such as performance, reliability, platforms, does the solution deliver.
44
What type of themes influence the product/solution vision?
Strategic
45
What guides the train?
Vision
46
What evolves the vision?
Feedback
47
What roadmaps provides a multi-year view?
Solution Roadmaps
48
How many PIs in a PI roadmap?
1-3
49
How long in an iteration?
1-2 weeks
50
A ____ is a container for a significant solution development initiative that captures more substantial investments that occur within a portfolio.
Epic
51
A _____ is a service that fulfills a stakeholder need.
Feature
52
_____ are short descriptions of small piece of desired functionality.
Stories
53
______ support actives needed to extend the architectural runway to provide future business functionally.
Enablers
54
What are the two types of Epics?
Business Epics deliver business value.
Enabler Epics deliver support for the architectural runway and future business functionality.
55
What are the criteria for an Epic? (4)
Lean Business Case
Criteria for MVP
Epic Owner
Approval by LPM
56
Features fit in one _______ and stories fit in one _______.
PI, Iteration
57
________ are implemented by stories.
Features
58
What three things determine the duration of an Epic?
Story point size
Historical velocity of the affected arts
The capacity the arts have allocated to the epic
59
What are two types of size estimates for stories?
Story Points
Relative estimating
60
What does a definition of done measure?
Completeness for an increment of value
61
Definition of done for system increment?
Stories completed by all teams in ART
62
Definition of done in the solution increment?
Capabilities completed by all trains
63
____ Helps balance the functionality with architecture runwy?
Capacity allocation
64
______ promotes flow and the continuous delivery of value?
WIP
65
WSJF Formula
Cost of delay/ Job Duration (Size)
66
What are the three components of cost of delay?
User-Business Value (Customer preference, revenue impact)
Time Criticality (Fixed deadline, wait for us, customer satisfaction)
Risk Reduction and opportunity enablement (Reduce the risk of this or future delivery, new business opportunities?)
67
Inputs from pm to PI planning include:
Business Context
Roadmap
Vision
Top 10 Features
68
What are the two primary outputs of PI planning?
PI Objectives
Program Board
69
Communicate the vision and roadmap:
1. Vision aligns with strategic themes
2. User personas how vision improves lives
3. NFRs
4. Map vision to strategic themes and solution context
5. How does PI roadmap help fulfill vision
70
_____ are the business and technical goals that each team and overall ART intend to achieve in the upcoming PI.
PI Objectives
71
What is a SMART objective?
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time Bound
72
What 5 values should you consider when assigning business Value?
Regulatory
Commercial
Market
Efficiency
Future
73
What is ROAM for risks?
Resolved - Has been addressed, no longer a concern
Owned - Someone has taken responsibility.
Accepted - Nothing more can be done, if risk occurs, release may be compromised
Mitigated - Team has a plan to mitigate risk
74
What are the two requirements for a Vision?
Aspirational, yet realistic
Motivational
75
_____ are outputs of a collaboration between enterprise and portfolio stakeholder
Strategic Themes
76
_____ express desired end-user functionality written in the user’s
language
User Stories
77
___________ support exploration, architecture, infrastructure, and
compliance
Enabler Stories
78
When are stories created?
PI Planning
79
What are the three Cs of user stories?
Card, Conversation, Confirmation
80
What is INVEST for user stories?
Independent
Negotiable
Valuable
Estimable
Small
Testable
81
Ten rules for breaking down features into stories:
.1. Workflow steps
2. Business rule variations
3. Major effort
4. Simple/complex
5. Variations in data
6. Data methods
7. Defer system qualities
8. Operations
9. Use case scenarios
10. Break out a spike
82
When is a user stories complete?
It meets the definition of done
Accepted by the product owner
83
What is the BDD formula for acceptance criteria?
Given
When
Then
84
A _______ is a design thinking tool that captures the workflow of a user and the user stories that support the workflow
Story map
85
When should you use a story map?
When the feature or story captures a workflow.
86
Who leads iteration planning?
Product Owners
87
What should be done during iteration planning?
Establish capacity
Story analysis and estimating
Detailing Stories
Developing iteration goals
Committing to iteration goals
88
What helps alleviate velocity degradation due to technical debt?
Capacity Allocation
89
How can you establish Velocity?
Look at the average output of the last iterations.
90
______ is the number of story points accepted in an iteration.
Velocity
91
What is the equation for velocity?
Size/units = Duration
92
How many story points should you give a team?
How many story points should you subtract per vacation day and holiday?
8 points for every developer and tester
1
93
Who participates in story point estimating?
All members excluding product owners and scrum masters
94
The _____ promotes collaboration and facilitates flow.
team kanban
95
What are the three iteration timeboxed events?
Iteration Review > Backlog Refinement + Iteration Retrospective > Iteration Planning
96
When is working software functionality shown off?
Iteration review
97
When does the team demonstrated every story, spike, refactor, and NFR?
Iteration Review
98
What happens during an iteration retrospective?
30-60 minutes
Selected one or two items that can be done for next iteration
put them in a team backlog
99
What are the 4 elements of the continuous delivery pipeline?
Continuous Exploration, Continuous integration, continuous deployment, release on demand
100
The __________ represents the workflows, activities, and automation needed to deliver new functionality more frequently.
Continuous Delivery Pipeline
101
Hypothesize, collaborate/research, architect, synthesize is what part of the CDP?
Continuous Exploration
102
What four components make up continuous exploration?
Hypothesize, collaborate & research, architect, synthesize
103
Develop, Build, Test, Stage make up what part of the CDP?
Continuous Integration
104
What four components make up continuous integration?
Develop, Build, Test, Stage
105
Deploy, Verify, Monitor, Respond make up what part of the CDP?
Continuous Deployment
106
What four components make up continuous deployment?
Deploy, verify, monitor, respond
107
Release, Stabilize and operate, measure, learn make up what part of the CDP?
Release on Demand
108
What four components make up the release on demand CDP?
Release, Stabilize and operate, Measure, Learn
109
What is the basic building block of agile development?
Iterations
110
A _____ occurs at the end of every iteration and involves all teams on the ART to demonstrate features.
System Demo
111
Volume, complexity, knowledge, and uncertainty make up a ______.
Story point
112
What four components make up estimating a story?
Volume
Complexity
Knowledge
Uncertainty
113
When does the system demo occur?
Every 2 weeks, lagging behind the iteration review, as much as one iteration max.
114
When does the Innovation and Planning (IP) iteration occur and what is it's goal?
Every PI
Provides an estimating buffer for meeting PI Objectives
Provides dedicated time for innovation, PI planning, and I&A events.
115
What can be doing during a IP increment?
Hackathon
Supplier Showcase
Explore spikes
116
What three components make up the Inspect and Adapt (IA) event?
System Demo
Quantative and Quantative Measurement
Problem-Solving Workshop
117
When is the PI system demo shown?
At the Inspect and Adapt event, end of the PI.
118
When and who reviews business value achieved?
Business owners during the Inspect and Adapt Event.
119
What compares actual business value with planned business value? When is it calcualted?
ART predictability during the IA event.
120
What are the 6 steps in the problem solving workshop?
Agree on a problem
Apply root cause analysis (5 whys)
Determine root cause
Restate new problem for biggest root cause
Brainstorm
Add to improvement backlog items
121
What is the usual composition for a PI?
4 development Iterations and one IP iteration
