Safeguarding In Sport Flashcards
What are the four types of abuse according to Mountjoy et al, 2016?
Physical abuse
Psychological/emotional abuse
Sexual abuse
Neglect
What is psychological/emotional abuse according to Mountjoy et al, 2016?
A pattern of deliberate, prolonged, repeated non-contact behaviours within a power differentiated relationship
What is neglect according to Mountjoy et al, 2016?
- failure of parents/care givers/ coaches to meet a young person’s physical and emotional needs
- Failure to protect a young person from exposure to danger
What is Hazing according to Mountjoy et al, 2016?
- A normative requirement of acceptance into a club or team
- At team initiations
- Examples, extreme insults, feats of endurance, forced alcohol consumption
What are the different lenses to understand abuse issues?
- individual/relational (psycho-social factors, e.g., power imbalance)
- Socio-cultural (Norms, values within sub-culture, e.g., hyper masculinity)
- Institutional (Rules and regulations in organisational systems, e.g., reward-punishment systems, isolated training camps)
According to (Hatteberg, et al, 2018) what were the totalising features of the sport settings under an institutional approach?
1) Secluded places
2) Tight schedules
3) Hierarchy
4) Rules and punishment
What were examples of safeguarding frameworks in place?
1) IOC certificate: safeguarding officer in sport (IOC, 2017)
2) Rhind et al.‘a (2017). 8 CHILDREN pillars of safeguarding.
Cultural sensitivity, Holistic, Incentives, Leadership, Dynamics, Resources, Engaging stakeholders, Networks
Examples of challenges involved with safeguarding?
- Reluctance to report
- Cultural differences
- Unintended consequences in the sporting fields
- A balanced approach
What did (Brackenbridge and Rhind 2014) say about child protection and globalisation in sport changing in the last 30 years?
- 1980s: many cases reported, few were publicised
- 1990s: Some studies began to emerge, some child protection polices were beginning to be developed
- 2000s: Major growth in science, activism and prevention policy
- 2010s: Review of research and policy initiatives across large number of European countries
- 2012: UNICEF launched a set of international standards for safeguarding
What did (Brackenbridge and Rhind, 2014) say were the issues with safeguarding in sport?
- 3 major groups involved have different interests/objectives leading to political tension
1) Sports agencies (e.g FIFA), focused on performance and commercial success
2) Child protection agencies (e.g. UNICEF), focused on children’s rights and protection
3) International development agencies, focused on using sport as a means for developing communities/countries/peace-building
-Earlier studies were too narrowly focused, done on an individual basis
- Interventions also focused on making sure the ‘right’ individuals were in sport rather than a systematic approach of getting sport ‘right’.
What did (Brackenbridge and Rhind, 2014) say needed to be done to improve safeguarding and athlete welfare?
- Sports needs to work closely with specialists in ethics and human rights to ensure policies are in place to protect children inside and outside of sport
- More research is needed to increase the knowledge base that underpins safeguarding and athlete welfare in sport.
- Adopt a more balanced approach between performance/winning and athlete welfare/development
What did (Mountjoy, 2016) say about who is most at risk of harassment and abuse in sport?
- Children/young athletes: due to power imbalance, training away from home
- Athletes with a disability: 4 times more likely to be victimised, coaches not understanding care required
- LGBT athletes: 80% said they had been subjected to homophobia in sport
What did (Mountjoy, 2016) say were the impacts of harassment and abuse in sport?
- Physical: illness/injury/eating disorder
- Cognitive: low self-esteem/no confidence
- Emotional: Volatile mood states/lack of control
- Behavioural: Drop out of sport, more likely to chest
- Mental health: Anxiety/depression
- Relational: Social exclusion/lose friends
- Economic losses
What did (Mountjoy, 2016) recommend for future actions to improve?
- Sport organisations need to:
Implement and monitor policies and procedures for safe sport.
Listen to what the athletes want.
Foster strong partnerships with athletes’ parents.
- Athletes need to:
Identify their support systems.
Encourage fellow athletes to speak out.
Negotiate for a voice in decision making in sport.
What were the 8 pillars of safeguarding (Rhind et al., 2017)?
- Cultural sensitivity
- Holistic
- Incentives
- Leadership
- Dynamics
- Resources
- Engaging stakeholders
- Networks
