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Safety / Techniques > Safety > Flashcards

Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Infection prevention Control

What are the 6 “links” in the chain of infection?

A

1- infectious Agent /causative Agent

2- Reservoir

3- portal of exit

4- mode of transmission

5- portal of entry

6- susceptible host

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2
Q

Infection prevention Control

What is an infectious agent?

Tip: causative agent

A

A microorganism capable of causing disease to humans

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3
Q

Infection prevention Control

What are the 4 main Infectious agents ?

A

Viruses (often there are vaccines for these)

Bacteria

Fungi

Parasite

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4
Q

Infection prevention Control

HIV, chicken pox, influenza, hepatitis are examples of what type of Infectious agent?

A

VIRUSES

this agents are the smallest and made up of DNA and RNA

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5
Q

Infection prevention Control

Pulmonary tuberculosis, streptococci ( strep throat) are examples of what type of Infectious agent ?

tip. Treated with antibiotics

A

BACTERIA

this agent is a single cell / reproduces rapidly

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6
Q

Infection prevention Control

How do bacteria a viruses reproduce and what is the difference?

|tip. Viruses are made of DNA and RNA and bacteria is a Cell!

A

Bacteria can reproduce itself

Viruses require a living host to reproduce ( must invade other cells to reproduce)

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7
Q

Infection prevention Control

Can bacteria survive without a host ?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Infection prevention Control

Can a virus survive without a host ?

A

No

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9
Q

Infection prevention control

Ringworm is an example of what type of Infectious agent?

A

FINGUI

single or multicelled / on skin but can invade deeper

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10
Q

Infection prevention control

Lice is an example of what type of Infectious agent?

A

PARASITE

|live on host and at the expense of its host

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11
Q

Infection prevention Control

What is a reservoir?

second on chain of infection

A

Where organism LIVES and GROWS between outbreaks.

Where germs live and thrive !

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12
Q

Infection prevention Control

What are examples of reservoirs?

A

People

Fomites (equipment, materials, doorknobs, table tops)

Vectors

Food

Soil, water

Feces

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13
Q

Infection prevention Control

What measures can you take to break the reservoir “link” of the chain ?

A

• wash hands

•clean, disinfect or sterilize environment and materials

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14
Q

Infection prevention Control

What measures can you take to break the Infectious agent “link” of the chain ?

A

•Chose the right cleaning products to kill pathogen

•seek medical help

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15
Q

Infection prevention Control

What is a Portal of exit?

third on chain of infection

A

Identifies how the infectious agent can leave the reservoir

How germs get out!

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16
Q

Infection prevention Control

What are examples of portals of exit?

A

Blood

Body fluids ( saliva, vomit)

Poop

Skin

By coughs and sneezes

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17
Q

Infection prevention Control

What measures can you take to break the portal of exits “link” of the chain ?

A

•wash hands

•PPE

•Properly disposal of trash

•covering your mouth when sneezing or coughing

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18
Q

Infection prevention Control

What is Mode of transmission?

fourth on chain of infection

A

Transmission identifies how an organism moves from one host to another host

How germs get around!

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19
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What are the 4 main routes of transmission in an acupuncture clinic ?

A
  • direct contact
  • indirect contact
  • droplets
  • Airborn
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20
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What is a vector?

A

living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal

Examples: mosquito, fly, lies

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21
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What are fomites ?

Tip: reservoirs in the chain of infection

A

objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture

inanimate objects

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22
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What is DIRECT contact transmission?

A

Transmission by direct physical contact btwn. infected person and vulnerable person.

|human to human transmission

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23
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

Name an illness that can be transmitted by direct contact transmission?

A

Gastrointestinal infection

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24
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What is INDIRECT contact transmission?

A

Transmission through an intermediary

|No direct human to human transmission

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25
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

Name an Illness that can be transmitted by Indirect contact?

A

Hepatitis B( can stay on equipment for over a week! )

Any inanimate objects can carry germs if not disinfected properly!

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26
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What do we mean by transmission through droplets?

A

transmission due to contaminated splatter, cough, sneezing or talking

Contact with eyes or mouth

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27
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

Name examples of diseases transmitted by droplets ?

6 points
Tip: think of illnesses where you sneeze or cough

A

Influenza- virus

Mumps -virus

Colds

Pertussis ( whooping cough)- bacteria

Rubella - virus

SARS- virus

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28
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What do we mean by airborne transmission?

A

Residue from evaporated droplets or infected dust particles can stay suspended in the air for a long time

Air currents make them travel

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29
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What is an example of airborne diseases?

3 points

A

Measles- virus

Chicken pox- virus ( varicella- zoster)

TB- bacteria ( breathing in droplets from sneeze or cough )

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30
Q

Infection prevention Control/Mode of transmission

What can you do to prevent direct contact transmission in a clinic ?

A

Wear a mask / gloves

Offer hand sanitizer to patients

Clean with a low level disinfectant

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31
Q

What can you do (to prevent transmission) if you have a patient that suffers of an air born disease ?

A

Try to see him at the end of the day

Wear High efficiency N95 masks

Open windows

Offer masks and hand sanitizer

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32
Q

Infection prevention Control

What is Portal of entry?

fifth on chain of infection
Tip: it informs the practitioner on the PPE that may be required

A

Site where organism can gain access to the host

How the germs get in!

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33
Q

Infection prevention Control

What measures can you take to break the portal of entry “ link” of the chain ?

A

Wash hands

Aseptic technics during procedures

Taking proper care of wounds ( wear gloves)

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34
Q

Infection prevention control

Give some examples of portals of entry

A

Mucous membranes

Breaks in the skin

⚡️NEEDLE PUNCTURE

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35
Q

Infection prevention Control

What is a susceptible host( vulnerable host)?

sixth on chain of infection

A

Person who lacks of immunity or resistance.
Reproduction of the microorganism can happen and cause infection!

Next sick person!

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36
Q

Infection prevention Control

Give some examples of susceptible hosts?

A

Elderly

Children

People with weakened immune
system

Unimmunized people

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37
Q

contamination and cross- contamination

SHARPS

What is a common accident can occur by unsafe disposal or handling of sharps ?

Acu needles, dermal needles, plum blossom

A

Needle stick accident

sharps become easily and regularly contaminated by blood or fluids

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38
Q

Infectious organisms can spread throughout the clinic by contamination and cross- contamination

What is contamination?

A

Unintentional spread of infectious organism TO AN OBJECT such as acu.needle or herb storage container

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39
Q

contamination and cross- contamination

What is cross-contamination?

A

Indirect spread of an infectious microorganism from A PERSON TO ANOTHER PERSON via unclean instruments or improper sterilization

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40
Q

contamination and cross- contamination

What practices can cause contamination and cross-contamination?

A

-clean equipment or instruments, placed on unclean surfaces.

-sterilize, equipment or instruments, placed on non-sterilized surfaces

-inadequate acupuncturist

-contaminated instruments, not disposed promptly and appropriately.

-linens are not cleaned

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41
Q

Biological Hazard chart

A
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42
Q

Common infections in Acu clinics

What is Hepatitis B?

How does it transmit?

Can it be cured ?

Vaccine available ?

How can TCM professional protect themselves?

A

HBV
⚡️Viral Infection 🦠 by Hepa. B virus causing swelling of the LR

⚡️Blood born 🩸

⚡️NO cure! but the infection can be controlled.

⚡️vaccine✔️

⚡️ vaccination and use of CLEAN NEEDLE TECHNIQUE

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43
Q

Common infections in Acu clinics

What is Hepatitis C ?

How does it transmit?

Can it be cured ?

Vaccine available ?

A

HCV
⚡️Viral Infection 🦠 by Hepa. C virus.
Acute and chronic symptoms

⚡️Blood born 🩸

⚡️Yes, it may be possible

⚡️vaccine 👎🏼

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44
Q

Common infections in Acu clinics

How can we reduce the risk of HBV and HCB infection in a clinic setting ?

both blood born 🩸🩸

A
  • Clean needle technique
  • single use, sterilized needles
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45
Q

Common infections in Acu clinics

What is Hepatitis A ?

How does it transmit?

Can it be cured ?

Vaccine available ?

Frequently evidenced in locations with poor sanitation
Less severe than A and C

A

HAV
⚡️Viral Infection 🦠 by Hepa. A virus.

⚡️Through contaminated food / water /fecal matter

⚡️Yes, it may be possible

⚡️vaccine ✔️

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46
Q

Common infections in Acu clinics

How can we reduce the risk of HAV infection in a clinic setting ?

A

-regular hand washing

  • regular use of alcohol- based swab
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47
Q

Common infections in Acu clinics

What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

How does it transmit?

To what other illness can it lead to?

A

HIV
⚡️progressive deterioration of the immune system -> infections

⚡️Blood born 🩸

⚡️ It can lead to AIDS

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48
Q

Common infections in Acu clinics

What is Influenza ( the flu) ?

How does it transmit?

What part of the population is more at risk?

A

⚡️respiratory track affected by Influenza virus 🦠

⚡️droplets born

⚡️the elderly or weak

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49
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

What is a routine practice based on ?

A

Identifies procedures that apply at all times and with all patients

All patients are a potential source of infection

All blood, body fluid ( except tears and sweat) , secretions, none- intact skin, undiagnosed rash, mucous membranes are potentially contagious

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50
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

What are the 4 routine practices an acupuncturist should know?

A

Conducting risk assessment

Hand hygiene

Use of PPE

Safe handling of disposal sharps

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51
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

What is conducting risk assessment and when should it be performed by an acupuncturist?

A

It’s an overall strategy for clinical safety ! Analyze and assesses how risk can be minimized.

Should be done before each patient interaction

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52
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

Respiratory Etiquette

What are the steps to cover your respiratory secretions?

A
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53
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

Hand washing

What are the steps to hand washing ?

A
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54
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

Hand washing

When should you wash your hands in clinic ?

8 points

A

Before and after contact with patients

When hands are visible soiled

Before needling

Before removing needle

After removing gloves

Contact with contaminated articles

After inadvertent exposure to blood or body fluids

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55
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

Hand washing

What is a preferred method of decontaminating hands when hands are not visibly soiled?

Hand washing or ABHR (alcohol based hand rubs) ?

A

ABHR

apply for 15 sec. Allow it to air dry

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56
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

Antiseptic Agents

What is an acceptable disinfectant for the skin before needling ?

A

Isopropyl 70%

do not overlap area that has been cleaned

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57
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

What is the difference btwn antiseptics and disinfectant ?

A

Antiseptics are germicides used on skin and tissue

Disinfectants (DIN numbered) are germicides used on inanimated objects ( does not kill BACTERIAl spores )

58
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

PPE

What are the two main PPE used in an acu. Clinic ?

A

😷masks

🧤 Medical gloves - wear at all times if your have HBV or HIV

59
Q

ROUTINE PRACTICES

Safe disposal of SHARPS

What is the first thing you should do right after you have removed a needle ?

How full can sharps containers be ?

A

Dispose of needle immediacy after use, ONE BY ONE! - wash hands

Sharps containers should never be filled more that 75% or 3/4 of their capacity!

60
Q

ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS

Use when routine practices are Not enough to stop transmission!

Name additional precautions for infectious patients

A

Arrange waiting room with 2 meters of distance

Post signs with respiratory etiquette

Post signs - respiratory or gastrointestinal to let your practitioner know !

61
Q

ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS

Name additional precautions for droplet transmission and contact transmission

A

Triage the patient from waiting room

Masks , gloves

Wipe all with a low level disinfectant

+ Work 2 meters from patient for droplet transmission

+ offer Hand sanitizer and wear a gown for contact transmission

62
Q

ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS

Name additional precautions for airborne transmission

A

Triage the patient from waiting room

N95 mask

See patient at the end of the day

Open windows

If treating chickenpox, or measles vaccine required

63
Q

CLEAN, DISINFECT, STERILIZE

What level of disinfectant do you use for general housekeeping ?

Non Critical / Low Risk

A

low level disinfectant

⚡️1:500 bleach solution

⚡️quaternary ammonium

⚡️3% hydrogen peroxide

⚡️phenols

Examples: Pine Sol, Fantastic, Clorox

Note: splatters can be cleaned with low or intermediate level ( 1:10)

Low Level will not kill TB, Fungus or Spores

64
Q

cleaning blood spills

What cleaning category do you use for blood spills?

A

Intermediate level disinfectant or hospital grade disinfectant

As an alternative we can use
1:10 dilution of bleach and leave for at least 30 min.

  • wear utility gloves
  • blot blood with paper towels
  • clean with disinfectant.
  • Dry with disposable paper towel
65
Q

CLEAN, DISINFECT, STERILIZE

What cleaning category do you use for clinical contact surface ?

A

Low level or intermediate level disinfectant if necessary

66
Q

CLEAN, DISINFECT, STERILIZE

How should you do laundry with vissible soil, no soil or with blood ?

A

Visible Soil
Add Bleach

No Visible Soil
Wash in 70 to 80 degrees Celsius with soap

Bloody linen
handled separately in an none porous bag

67
Q

What are the steps taken when you begin to make non sterile item sterile or safe to use in practice?

A
  • soak
  • clean (remove soil )
  • rinse
  • air dry
  • sterilize (kill all forms of microbial life!)
    Or
  • disinfect ( kills microorganisms but not all germs or spores)
68
Q

CLEAN, DISINFECT, STERILIZE

How do you clean critical items?

Critical items- enters sterile tissue/ skin ( including bloodstream)
Acu needles

A

1- cleaning

2-Sterilization or high level disinfectant for items that can’t withstand sterilization

69
Q

CLEAN, DISINFECT, STERILIZE

How do you clean semi critical items?

Semi critical: contact with none intact skin ( no penetration)
Cupping devises ( cupping on needle )

A

1.Cleaning
2. High level disinfection

sterilize if bleeding occurs or if cupping over a needle

70
Q

CLEAN, DISINFECT, STERILIZE

How do you clean non critical items?

Non-critical : contact with intact skin. ie: Tuina devises, electrical clips, cups

A

1- Cleaning

2 Low level disinfectant

71
Q

What is the recommended shelf life for bleach solutions ?

A

24 hrs

72
Q

What’s the most powerful way of killing all form of micro oak organisms ( including bacterial spores )?

A

Sterilization

Any item that is invasive or pierces the skin must be sterilized

use steam autoclave

73
Q

Immunization

What are the 2 vaccines recommended for TCM practitioners and staff ?

A

HBV

Tetanus

also consider: flu , measles, mumps, polio, diphtheria

74
Q

Name the main 3 blood born pathogens that could affect a TCM practitioner ?

A

HIV

HBV and HCV

75
Q

What are the two main types of sterilization?

A

Steam( autoclave)

Dry heat

sterilization is confirmed by spore tests

76
Q

How do you manage cups that have come in contamination with blood or other potential infectious materials?

A

If you do not own an autoclave use single use disposable cups and dispose of the cups after each use in a biohazard waste disposal bucket

77
Q

blood born diseases: precautions and management

What should u do if you are exposed ?

avoid exposure by accounting for every needle that is inserted

A

1-provide first aid: clean with soap and water. do not milk the wound

2-report the incident to clinic supervisor to assess patient status

3-sick expert advice: post- exposure prophylaxis. call 811 health-link
Treatment should be sought within 72 hrs

4- document incident

78
Q

Safe procedures and risk management

What is clean needle technique (CNT)?

also called : aseptic acupuncture technic

A

Procedure for needling ( insertion and withdrawal) done in such a way that the risk of infection reduces to a minimum

79
Q

Safe procedures and risk management

What are the 5 basic principles of CNT?

A

1- was hands

2- use sterilized needles

3- store needles in a safe, clean and well ventilated area

4- stabling clean field BEFORE performing acupuncture

5- immediate discard of used needles

80
Q

Safe procedures and risk management

What part of an acupuncture needle must remains sterile at all times?

A

The shaft

81
Q

What level disinfectant do you use to clean the handle of a seven star/ plum blossom needle ?

only use handle with same patient! New head each session

A

High level

82
Q

What are the 4 Steps to prepare clean field?

A

1- clean surface with low level disinfectant

2-use HBHR or wash hands

3- please materials on C.F

4- place sharps / waste at a safe distance

83
Q

What are the 3 steps taken before needling a patient to ensure patient safety?

A
  1. 🧼 ABHR or wash hands
  2. 👀 inspect for skin lesions, or contraindications
  3. Disinfect with a new swab 70%

if you choose to locate point by touching the patient, you must re-wash hands before needling

84
Q

When do you have to use medical gloves ?

A

When using any method that could cause bleeding or exposure to body fluids

Or

if practitioner or patient has rashes or open lesions on skin

Example:
lancets
three edge needles
plum blossom
Seven star

85
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What ear points do we avoid during pregnancy ?

A

Ovaries and uterus

86
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What points do we avoid during the 9 months of gestation with any technique? 10 points

due to their oxytocic effect (stimulation of contraction uterus)

A

Sp6
GB21
BL60

All points through foramen:
BL 31-BL34

BL67 ( turns fetus)

CV4

KD6

87
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What should you do if a patient has a stroke or MI?

A

Call 911

TCM professionals should know first aid and CPR

88
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

Can acupuncture be used alone to treat malignant tumours?

A

Only if advanced training has been abstained

Only use acupuncture as a complementary measure to relieve pain or side effects of chemotherapy

89
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

Should you do acupuncture in patients on blood thinning medication ?

A

No, acupuncture may be contraindicated or special caution is required

90
Q

Acupuncture should not be performed on what type of patients?

A

Patients who have been:

Drinking
under influence of drugs
haven’t eaten in a long time
just finished vigourous physical activity
Are confused
emotionally unstable
have needle phobia

91
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

Should you do electro - acupuncture on patients with a a pacemaker or electronic implants ?

A

NO

92
Q

adverse reactions

Name the main four adverse reactions or accidents that could happen when needling ?

A

Fainting
bent needle
stuck needle
broken needle

93
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What is a side effect?

A

Undesirable effects, which may occur in addition to the desire therapeutic effects

94
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What is an adverse reaction?

A

Unexpected and undesirable effects that are not predicted or foreseen

95
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What can cause fainting?

A

Fatigue
no previous treatment
uncomfortable positioning
overly forceful needle
manipulation or over stimulation

96
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What is the main cause of a stuck needle ?

A

Patients muscle spasm or sudden movement

but it can also result of rotation with two wide, an amplitude or rotating in only One Direction, causing the needle shaft to tangle with the muscle fibres

97
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What are the main causes for a broken or bent needle?

A

Poor needle quality.

Erosion or cracks between shaft and handle

Spasms or sudden movements

Improper withdrawal of stuck needle or bent needle

Excessive force manipulation

Needle is stuck by external force

98
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What part of the needle is the most prone to break?

keep 1/4 of shaft of needle above skin

A

Junction of the handle and the shaft( root of needle )

99
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

Steps to broken needle

A
100
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What can you do to prevent a hematoma?

A

mild pressure

Hot compress or indirect moxa to promote absorption

101
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What is advised to patients after gua sha or cupping ?

A

Stay warm and avoid chills for one to two days

102
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

When is moxa contraindicated ?

A

Near large blood vessels

On face

CV14 CV15

Near mucous membranes or sensory organs

Abdomen/lower back of pregnant woman

103
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

What patients should not receive moxa?

A

Hungry patient

Over eaten

very weak

Fatigued

Intoxicated

104
Q

contraindication and precaution to acu

Can we heal blisters if they happen after moxibustion ?

A

No, it’s not in our scope of practice.

105
Q

What is concidered a semi-critical device?

A

A device that comes into contact with mucous membranes or non- intact skin, but ordinarily does not penetrate them.

106
Q

What is concidered a Critical device?

A

A critical medical device is a device that penetrates the skin or mucous membranes, has contact with blood and or body fluids.

107
Q

What is concidered a non-critical device?

A

Devices that touch only intact skin but not mucous membranes, or devices that do not directly touch the patient.

108
Q

What are two reasons a practitioner MUST refer a patient?

A
  • Limitations of personal training and skills
  • Limitations of TCM and acupuncture
109
Q

What is the main purpose and goal of the patient records?

A

For the registered acupuncturist to provide quality care to the patient

110
Q

Whose responsibility is it to collect, organize and store all information that is obtained during each patient consultation?

A

The practitioners

111
Q

3 Reasons to take accurate records of patient?

A
  • External review by the CAAA
  • In case of investigation
  • For self assessment and learning from experiences
112
Q

What is included in Patient Records?

A
  • Informed consent
  • Cumulative Patient profile
  • Intake forms
  • Clinical notes
  • SOAP
113
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

Subjective Data
Objective Data
Assesment
Plan

114
Q

Who is responsible for the accuracy of the patient records?

A

The treating practitioner

115
Q

Patient records are confidential. Who is responsible for ensuring the safty of the records?

A
  • The acupuncturist
  • The clinic administration (if applicable)
116
Q

The language used in Patient records must be 4 things….
What are they?

A

Factual
Objective
Non Judgemental
English

117
Q

Hand written notes must be written with ?

A

Permanent Ink

118
Q

Can modifications be made to a patient record?
Can information be removed from the record?

A

YEs

NO

119
Q

How can a record be properly modified?

A
  • incorrect information must be struck out by a straight line
  • additions have to be dated and initialed with brief explanation for modification
120
Q

How are acupuncture points properly recoreded in patient record?

A
  • Numbering or Naming system
  • WHO standard acupuncture point location
  • Extra points must have a literature refrence of their name
121
Q

Where is it preferred to write the patients name on the documents ?

A

At the top

122
Q

What does an Antimicrobial do?

A

Kills microorganisms or stops their growth.

Example:
sterilizers, disinfectants, and sanitizers.

123
Q

Can patient records be sent by email?

A

NO.
Unless there is encryption

124
Q

Can a parent access Child’s file if child is 18?

A

NO.
If child is capable of making their own treatment and privacy decisions (18yrs in Alberta) parent can not access

125
Q

Who can a patient complain to if they believe their privacy has been violated?

A

PRIVACY COMMISSIONER OF ALBERTA

126
Q

How long must a practitioner keep Patient records for?

A

5 years
or
5 years after they turn 18

(though statue of limitations says it’s good to maintain records for 10 years or more)

127
Q

Standards for electronic patient records:

4 points

A
  • appropriate passwords and controls
  • audit logging is enabled
  • not accessed remotely
  • backed up regularly
128
Q

Must you keep a register of records that have been destroyed?

A

YES

129
Q

To terminate a Patient / Practitioner relationship, the practitioner must provide written notification to patient.

It must include 2 points.
What are they?

A

Reason for termination
Date of termination

130
Q

4 Elements of Informed Consent we must know:
P
A
PBR

A

P Procedure
A Alternative Procedure
PBR Potential Benefits and Risks

131
Q

If a patient is asked to sign a form without having had a discussion with practitioner, has the practitioner managed risk?

A

NO

The actual consent is the dialogue that occurs between the practitioner and the patient.

132
Q

Name 3 circumstances in which the Practitioner has a ‘Duty to Report’?

A
  1. suspected Child abuse
  2. Suspected Elder abuse
  3. Communicable and reportable disease

Practitioner should inform patient of duty to report without putting themselves or their patient at risk

133
Q

What is the only part of the needle the practitioner is allowed to touch?

A

HANDLE

134
Q

When can medical gloves replace handwashing?

A

Only when hand washing is NOT possible

135
Q

What is one of the most common injury from receiving acupuncture?

A

Pneumothorax

136
Q

If a patient develops:
chest pain
dyspnoea
cough

shortly after or immediately after treatment, what may have occurred?

A

Pneumothorax

Injury to lung or plura

137
Q

If a patient develops:

localized pain or tenderness
stiffness of the abdominal muscles
a tear with bleeding

What organs were possibly injured during treatment?

A

LIVER
SPLEEN

138
Q

If a patient develops:

pain in lumbar region
evidence of blood in urine

What organ was possibly injured during treatment?

A

KIDNEYS

139
Q

If a patient develops:
headaches
nausea
vomiting
slow respiration

What may have been injured during treatment?

A

Brainstem
Medulla Oblongata

140
Q

If a patient experiences:

lightening pain
loss of sensation
loss of movement

What may have been injured during treatment?

A

CNS

Safety / Techniques (3 decks)

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