Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Radiology > Safety > Flashcards

Safety Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

4 requirements for x-ray production

A

source of free electrons, acceleration of electrons, focusing of electrons, and deceleration of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atomic number

A

Z- number of protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

atomic mass

A

A- sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bremsstrahlung radiation

A

69.5kVp or lower is completely brems- polyenergetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristic radiation

A

69.5kVp or higher - heterogeneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

quality

A

kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

quantity

A

mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

half value layer

A

measures filtration- required to reduce x-ray intensity by one half its original value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

x-rays fundamental properties

A

travel in straight lines, photons travel at the speed of light, and no mass or electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

compton effect

A

partial absorption-scatter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

photoelectric absorption

A

low kVp- total absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

coherent scatter

A

contributes only to pt skin exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pair production

A

minimum of 1.02 MeV, results in creation of positron and negatron, annihilation radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

photodisintegration

A

minimum of 10 MeV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

differential absorption

A

difference in x-ray interaction by various body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conventional units

A

rad, rem, roentgen, curie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SI units

A

gray, sievert, coulomb/kilogram, becquerel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

100 rads

A

1Gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

100 rems

A

1 Sievert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

roentgen

A

coulombs per kilogram of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

KERMA

A

kenetic energy released in matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

non-threshold

A

any given dose will cause some measurable effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

threshold

A

some amount of radiation is required before a measurable effect can happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

law of bergonie and tribondeau

A

cell radio sensitivity is affected by mitotic activity, maturity, and degree of specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
LET
amount of radiation that is transferred to the body as the x-ray beam travels through it - directly related to RBE
26
increasing oxygen to a cell
increases the cells sensitivity to radiation
27
relative biologic effectiveness RBE
defines the ability to produce biologic damage - directly related to LET
28
cell survival and recovery LD50/30
50% of cells killed in 30 days
29
fractionation
equal doses of radiation that are delivered with time intervals
30
protraction
radiation dose that is delivered continuously but at a lower dose rate
31
somatic effects
effects that are limited to the exposed population
32
short term somatic
less than 6 months
33
long term somatic
greater than 6 months
34
genetic effects
effects to your children
35
hemopoietic syndrome
bone marrow syndrome occurs with doses ranging between 100-1000rads(1-10Gy) whole body
36
gastrointestinal syndrome
requires a dose between 1000-5000rads (10-50Gy)
37
central nervous system syndrome
occurs with exposures over 5000rads (50Gy)
38
first trimester fetal risks
CNS extremely sensitive, neuroblast formation, and doses .2-.4Gy (200-400mGy) can cause microencephaly
39
genetic significant dose GSD
the estimated GSD in the US is approximately 20rem (0.2mGy)
40
how much radiation will be attenuated with a lead apron of 0.5mmPb at 75kVp
88%
41
gonadal shields
should be used anytime the gonads are within 4-5 cm of primary beam
42
positive beam limitation PBL
automatically opens the radiation field size to the size of the IR
43
minimum requirement of filtration when operating above 70kVp
2.5mm Pb
44
fluoroscopy pt safety
pulsed, last image hold, increase kVp, timer of 5 min
45
moblile fluoro unit (C-Arm)
minimum source to collimator distance of 12 in (15 for a fixed unit), 6 foot cord
46
leakage limit
100mR/hr at 1 meter (1mGy/hr at 1 meter)
47
lead aprons, thyroid shield
0.5 mm Pb
48
bucky slot cover, protective curtain
0.25mm Pb
49
Primary protective barrier requirment
1/16in of Pb
50
Secondary protective barrier requirement
1/32 in of Pb
51
Maximum exposure at the table top of fluoride is
10Roentgen (0.1C/kg)
52
Film badge
Cheap
53
OSLD
allows differentiation between radiation levels, deep, shallow
54
annual whole body occupational exposure
5 rem (50mSv)
55
cumulative effective limit in occupational exposure
1 rem x age in years
56
annual effective public exposure dose
0.5 rem
57
fetus exposure per month
0.05rem
58
fetus exposure for entire gestational period
0.5rem
59
stochastic (probabilistic) effects
random effects that are non threshold
60
non-stochastic (deterministic) effects
related effects that are threshold

Radiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions