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Cold Exposure II - Module 5 > Safety - Module 3 > Flashcards

Safety - Module 3 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is Cold Shock

A

Hyperventilation, uncontrolled gasping for air,
shortness of breath

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2
Q

What is the Cause of Cold Shock

A

Sudden contact with very cold water triggers a
reflex-like respiratory stimulus that can lead to
drowning

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3
Q

How to Measure Cold Shock

A

Slow entering in the water, clear instructions for
controlled breathing, getting immediately out
of the water and calming down if signs of
panic

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Cardiovascular Problems

A

Racing heartbeat, chest pain, sudden weakness,
dizziness, unconsciousness, heart attack

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5
Q

What is the cause of Cardiovascular Problems

A

Constriction of blood vessels due to cold can lead
to a heart attack or circulatory collapse, especially
if there are undetected heart problems

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6
Q

How do you measure Cardiovascular Problems

A

Getting the person out of the water immediately,
lay them flat, calm them down. Start emergency
protocol if symptoms are serious.

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7
Q

Ice bathing can positively impact anxiety, depression, digestion, sleep, and the immune system by:

A

Triggering a “fight-or-flight” response, releasing endorphins, reducing inflammation, and potentially improving circulation and stress resilience

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8
Q

Symptoms of Hypothermia

A

Tremors, confusion, coordination problems,
pale or blue skin

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9
Q

Cause of Hypothermia

A

Staying in cold water for too long, inadequate
thermal protection measures after the ice bath

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10
Q

How to measure Hypothermia

A

Limiting the time participants spend in the
water (e.g. 1-3 minutes), providing warm, dry
clothing immediately after the icebath, wrap
the affected person in blankets and offer warm
(not hot) drinks if necessary

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11
Q

Symptoms of Frost Bite

A

Pale or waxy skin, numbness, tingling, swelling,
stiffness, blisters, blackened tissue due to necrosis

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12
Q

What is Necrosis

A

Is the death of body tissue. It occurs when too little blood flows to the tissue

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13
Q

What causes Frost Bite

A

Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, freezing
of skin and underlying tissues due to reduced
blood flow and ice crystal formation in cells

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14
Q

How to Measure Frost Bite

A

Limiting the time in the water, wearing neoprene
gloves and socks, drying and warming extremities
immediately after, and monitoring for numbness
or skin changes

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15
Q

Raynaud Symptoms

A

Cold triggers, pale or bluish skin, numbness,
tingling, pain, especially in fingers and tows

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16
Q

What causes Raynauds

A

Cold exposure, vasoconstriction, reduced blood
flow, stress response

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17
Q

How to measure Raynauds

A

Wearing insulated gloves and socks in the
icebath, limiting exposure time, warming up
gradually, rubbing the fingers together, holding
the fingers under lukewarm water, stimulating
the blood circulation in the fingers

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18
Q

Symptoms of Cold Induced Urticaria

A

Hives, itching, swelling, and redness on the skin
after cold exposure

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19
Q

What causes Cold Induced Urticaria

A

Release of histamine in response to cold
exposure, leading to allergic reactions in the skin

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20
Q

How to measure Cold Induced Urticaria

A

Warming up gradually, avoiding scratching,
applying soothing creams, seeking medical help
if symptoms persist or worsen

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21
Q

Symptoms of Cramps or Numbness

A

Muscle pain, inability to move, exhaustion

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22
Q

Cause of Cramps or Numbness

A

Cold leads to muscle tension, restricted
mobility and, in extreme cases, a complete loss
of control

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23
Q

How to measure Cramps or Numbness

A

Helping the patient out of the water
immediately, massaging gently and warming
up slowly

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24
Q

Symptoms of Respiratory Problems

Study These Flashcards
A

Shortness of breath, rapid breathing, gasping,
chest tightness, dizziness, wheezing

25
Cause of Respiratory Problems
Cold shock response triggers rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and vasoconstriction, as well as irritation of the airways
26
How to measure Respiratory Problems
Calming the participant, helping them out of the water immediately, encouraging controlled breathing, ensuring warmth is provided quickly, seeking medical attention if symptoms persist
27
Chain of Survival
Safety Emergency Call First Aid
28
Triple 'S' Rule
Scene Safety Situation
29
Emergency Call
999 or 112 111 for non emergency medical advice
30
Emergency Call Location
Where am I
31
Vital Signs
Brain = Consciousness Heart = Circulation (pulse) Lungs = Breathing Anyone who is breathing has a circulation
32
Breathing Assesment
Tilt head back Hear, see & feel for breathing Check for 5 - 10 seconds
33
Normal Breathing
Yes = Recovery Position No = CPR
34
Recovery Position
1. Head tilted back to prevent tongue from blocking the airway. 2. The mouth should be at the lowest point of the head to allow any vomit to drain out
35
CPR Theory
The upper body has to be exposed 100 - 120 bpm Depth 4 - 6cm Center of the chest, lower half of the sternum Hard, stable surface for effective compressions
36
Breathing Theory
Tilt the head back Mouth to mouth breathing - pinch the nose Use tidal volume -> a normal breath Observe exhalation and chest excursion
37
Does CPR pump blood to the brain
Yes, CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) helps to pump blood to the brain and other organs when the heart has stopped beating, maintaining oxygen flow until medical help arrives
38
Air to Oxygen in the blood
When you breathe in, oxygen from the air enters your lungs and diffuses into the bloodstream through tiny air sacs (alveoli), where it is picked up by red blood cells and carried to the body's tissues and cells.
39
What is AED / Defibrillation
A portable device that can help restart the heart during cardiac arrest. Find them on the wall around Topsham in a yellow box.
40
What not to do?
Do not use in water, remove wet clothes, make sure the person is on a dry surface and dry the chest where the pads will go
41
What is Afterdrop?
Further drop in core body temperature after rewarming begins.
42
What is the cause of Afterdrop?
Caused by the return of cold blood from extremities to the core during rewarming.
43
What are the risks of Afterdrop?
Can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and other complications.
44
How to prevent Afterdrop?
Avoid vigorous rewarming of limbs. Focus on gentle, core-centered rewarming (e.g., blankets).
45
What is the keypoint to Aftershock?
Handle the hypothermic patient gently to prevent worsening of hypothermia!
46
Stage 1 - Hypothermia
Mild - (32-35C). Conscious, shivering
47
Stage 2 - Hypothermia
Moderate - (28 - 32C). Impaired consciousness, no shivering
48
Stage 3 - Hypothermia
Severe (<28℃). Unconscious, no shivering
49
Therapy - Stage 1 - Mild
Move to a warm, sheltered area * Remove wet clothing and replace with dry layers * Offer warm, sugary drinks if the person is alert (no caffeine or alcohol!) * Gentle movement like horse stances or other slow, low-intensity movement can be beneficial. Intense physical activities worsen the hypothermia!
50
Stage 2 - Therapy - Moderate
Move to a warm, sheltered area * Remove wet clothing and replace with dry layers * Avoid active rewarming techniques that could cause afterdrop Moderate * Monitor for confusion or fatigue
51
Stage 3 - Therapy - Severe
Handle the patient very gentle to prevent cardiac issues * Remove wet clothing and replace with dry layers * Avoid active rewarming techniques that could cause afterdrop Severe * Begin CPR if there is no normal breathing
52
Summary
Stay Calm & Assess the Situation Check Vital Signs Perform CPR If Necessary Be Aware of Hypothermia Risks Afterdrop Awareness Practice & Preparedness
53
First Aid & Emergency Management
√ First aid training √ Emergency numbers at hand √ Know your training environment
54
Check possible Health Restrictions
√ Health questionnaire before the training √ Health disclaimer
55
Pay particular attention to Risk Groups
√ Beginners √ Elderly √ Participants with health issues
56
Deal with Psychological Reactions
√ Understand fear or panic √ Stay calm and patient √ Gradual introduction to the More Information cold
57
How to warm up after Ice Bath or Plunging quickly?
After a cold plunge, the horse stance, a rhythmic movement from martial arts, helps with warming up by engaging core and leg muscles, which generates extra heat, and serves as a mental anchor to maintain focus
58

Cold Exposure II - Module 5 (2 decks)

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