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BCBA Exam > SAFMEDS > Flashcards

SAFMEDS Flashcards

(90 cards)

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0
Q

The assumption that the universe is a logical and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as the result of other events

A

Determinism

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1
Q

The practice of objective observation

A

Empiricism

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2
Q

Employs the methods of natural science to discover general principles of behavior

A

Experimental Analysis

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3
Q

Simpler, more logical explanations be ruled out before a more complex or abstract explanation is considered
Simpler = requiring the fewest assumptions

A

Parsimony

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4
Q

any psychological theory that accepts a mental basis for human behavior

A

Mentalism

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5
Q

the examination and analysis of objectively observable and quantifiable behavioral events, in contrast with subjective mental states
More objective, stays away from ideas that can be neither proven nor disproven

A

Environmental Explanations

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6
Q

Repeated observations of well-defined behavior of a single subject in a controlled and standardized experimental chamber. Basic principles of behavior, not as concerned with social significance

A

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

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7
Q

the behavior change methods of ABA and the scientific knowledge base from which they are derived

A

Behavioral Technology

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8
Q

The science in which procedures derived from the principles of behavior are systematically applied to improve socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree and demonstrate experimentally that the procedures employed were responsible for the improvement in behavior

A

Applied Behavior Analysis

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9
Q

Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis

A 
Applied
Behavioral
Analytic
Technological
Conceptually systematic
Effective
Generalization
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10
Q

Social significance of the behavior

A

Applied

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11
Q

(Find definition)

A

Behavioral

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12
Q

Anything that an organism does

A

Behavior

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13
Q

Demonstrates experimental control over the occurrence and nonoccurrence of the behavior

A

Analytic

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14
Q

Improves behavior sufficiently to produce practical results

A

Effective

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15
Q

The written description is sufficiently complete and detailed to enable others to replicate the procedure

A

Technological

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16
Q

Procedures are derived from the basic principles of behavior

A

Conceptually Systematic

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17
Q

Results in behavior change that:
• Lasts over time
• Appears in other environments
• Spreads to other behaviors

A

Generality

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18
Q

Maintained over time

A

Retention

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19
Q

Resistant to extinction

A

Endurance

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20
Q

You know it (not just sort of)

A

Stability

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21
Q

Specific instance of a particular behavior

A

Response

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22
Q

Responses that share enough common elements with former responses to produce the same consequence
Ex: “Hi” /”Hello”

A

Response Class

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23
Q

Specific aspects of the environment that can be differentiated from each other.
Any condition, event, or change in the environment

A

Stimulus

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24
Set of stimuli with a common relationship
Stimulus Class
25
A stimulus is added and likelihood of behavior increases
Positive Reinforcement
26
A stimulus is removed/avoided and likelihood of behavior increases
Negative Reinforcement
27
The process of increasing rate of behavior through the addition or removal of a stimulus
Reinforcement
28
Stimuli which are able to increase future rate of behavior without previous exposure
Unconditioned Reinforcer
29
Refers to the use of reinforcers which have been paired with other reinforcers in the past
Conditioned Reinforcer
30
A stimulus is added and likelihood of behavior decreases
Positive Punishment
31
A stimulus is removed and likelihood of behavior decreases
Negative Punishment
32
Weakens the response it follows without previous exposure
Unconditioned Punisher
33
Items that have been associated with punishment and now decrease the likelihood of behavior
Conditioned Punishment
34
When behaviors are emitted more often in the presence of certain stimuli
Stimulus Control
35
Signals the availability of a reinforcer
Sd Discriminative Stimulus
36
Signals that reinforcer is unavailable
S-delta
37
Increasing the value of a reinforcer
Motivating/Establishing Operation
38
Complete description of the operant • Precise definition of the behavior (what is the limit and range of topographies that will produce a consequence?) • Specified consequence • Environmental situation in which that consequence influences future behavior
Contingency
39
Behavior occurs as a function of a particular variable
Functional Relations
40
The withdrawal of a reinforcer for a previously reinforced behavior
Extinction
41
An immediate increase in the frequency, intensity and variability of the behavior when reinforcement is removed
Extinction Burst
42
Behavior change is maintained over time, applied in other settings or conditions and expands to other behaviors
Generalization
43
The learner performs responses beyond the learned response
Response Generalization
44
The learner is able to respond to stimuli different than training stimuli. When new stimuli are of similar physical dimensions but differ from the training stimulus slightly along a dimension.
Stimulus Generalization
45
Demonstrated when a response is emitted only in the presence of certain stimuli not others
Discrimination
46
New stimuli can develop the ability to cause respondent behavior
Respondent Conditioning Paradigm
47
Behavior is followed by an event that increases the behavior's future probability (reinforcement and punishment)
Operant Conditioning Paradigm
48
Like all operants, language is defined by its antecedents and consequences
Verbal Operants
49
Verbal response identical to verbal stimulus. Has point-by-point correspondence and formal similarly
Echoics
50
Nonverbal repetition
Imitation
51
Requests (Under the control of establishing operations)
Mands
52
Label: Verbal response to nonverbal stimulus
Tact
53
Verbal response to a verbal stimulus. Has point-by-point correspondence.
Intraverbals
54
Controlled by a description of contingency without direct contact with that contingency
Rule-Governed Behavior
55
Controlled by history of reinforcement/punishment - the contingency has been directly contacted
Contingency-shaped
56
Access social stimuli (attention)
Social mediated positive reinforcement
57
avoidance of social stimuli (demand)
Socially mediated negative reinforcement
58
Reinforcement is inherent in the behavior itself
Automatic Reinforcement
59
Description of antecedents, behavior and consequence. Can be based on observation or other assessment tools.
Descriptive assessment
60
An experiment in which each condition is systematically manipulated to determine when the client will engage in behavior at the HIGHEST rate
Functional Analysis
61
Reinforce behavior with attention
Attention Condition
62
Reinforce behavior with removal of a demand
Demand Condition
63
client is in an environment with little | stimulation
Alone Condition
64
client is provided noncontingent preferred activities, no demands placed, noncontingent attention
Control Condition
65
Adds a preferred item or activity
Tangible
66
Client is provided with a preferred item or activity upon occurrence of behavior
Tangible Condition
67
Reinforcer is provided for different behavior than the one targeted for decrease (should be functionally equivalent)
DRA - Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
68
Time-based scheduled, reinforcement is delivered regardless of behavior
Non-contingent Reinforcement
69
Reinforcement is provided for the absence of the target behavior
DRO - Differential Reinforcement of Other a Behaviors (Zero Rates)
70
Involves repeated measurement during 3 phases: • Baseline • Treatment • Return to baseline
Withdrawal/Reversal Design
71
Effects compared to baseline then to each other
Multiple/Alternative Treatments Design
72
Considerations of Withdrawal Design
1. It must be possible to withdraw treatment 2. Some behaviors do not return all the way to baseline 3. Ethical considerations
73
Compares two or more independent variables by rapidly alternating their presentation in RANDOM order
Alternating Treatment Design (i.e. multi-element)
74
Considerations of Alternating Treatment Design
1. Application of treatments may seem artificial 2. A maximum of 3 treatments (leave out the kitchen sink!) 3. Great at revealing what is really working (differential effects!)
75
Shows gradual stepwise improvement; Each phase serves as a baseline, treatment is applied as student goes through each step
Changing Criterion Design
76
Types of Multiple Baseline Designs
1. Behaviors 2. Subjects 3. Settings
77
Two or more behaviors of a single individual are targeted
Multiple Baseline Design across behaviors
78
A single behavior is targeted in more than one setting
Multiple Baseline Design across settings
79
A single behavior is targeted in the same setting with different subjects
Multiple Baseline Design across subjects
80
Analyzing the relationship between independent variable and successive approximation
Multiple Probe Design
81
a variation of the multiple baseline design in which an initial baseline and perhaps intervention are begun for one behavior and subsequent baselines for additional behaviors are begun in a staggered or delayed fashion. Used when reversal is not possible, limited resources are available and additional sujects become available after the study.
Delayed Multiple Baseline
82
Considerations of Multiple Baseline Design
1. No need to withdrawal | 2. May not represent a functional relationship
83
Analysis of the effects of each part of a package
Component Analysis
84
Analysis of the effect of different values of a variable
Parametric Analysis
85
Analysis of the effects of the presence or absence of a given variable
Nonparametric Analysis
86
Successive approximations to the behavior are reinforced. At every step, reinforcement for the previous step is withheld
Shaping
87
a series of stimulus-response interactions in which each response serves as the stimulus for the next response
Chaining
88
Take a tally every time a behavior occurs
Frequency/Event Recording
89
When to use frequency recording
1. Behavior should be discrete, with a clear beginning and end 2. Should not occur at high rates (was this one tough?) 3. Should not be responses that can occur for extended periods

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